Attori e catena del valore
La catena del valore e i suoi attori, e dove leggere il settore da soli.
L'idrogeno verde non è un'industria ma una catena di industrie, e ogni anello ha il suo collo di bottiglia. Questa pagina descrive la catena, nomina le famiglie di attori che decidono e indica le pubblicazioni che documentano il settore — stampa specializzata, riviste peer-reviewed e statistiche istituzionali.
Come l'idrogeno verde si produce e si sposta davvero
Cinque passi e un collo di bottiglia in ognuno. L'ordine conta: un progetto che salta la certificazione non arriva al closing finanziario.
Produire
L'électrolyse sépare l'eau en hydrogène et en oxygène. L'électricité doit être renouvelable, et l'électrolyseur doit tourner souvent : c'est la contrainte qui décide de tout le reste.
Convertir
L'hydrogène est difficile à transporter sur longue distance. On le transforme donc en ammoniac ou en méthanol, plus denses et plus stables, au prix d'une perte d'énergie.
Transporter
Trois voies : le pipeline, le navire, et le câble électrique. La troisième est souvent la plus économique, ce qui déplace le débat du gaz vers l'électricité.
Utiliser
L'hydrogène n'est pas compétitif partout. Il l'est là où l'électrification directe est impossible : acier, engrais, raffinage, marine, et l'équilibrage du réseau.
Certifier
Sans méthode de comptage commune, deux tonnes d'hydrogène « vert » peuvent ne pas être comparables. La certification est le chantier le moins visible et le plus déterminant.
Chi decide
Cinque famiglie di attori, e il loro orizzonte.
Les institutions
Elles fixent les volumes et les règles du jeu. Leur horizon est 2030, puis 2040.
Commission européenne · IRENA · Agence internationale de l'énergie · Clean Hydrogen Partnership
Les financiers
Ils décident si un projet passe de l'annonce à la décision finale d'investissement. La plupart des projets annoncés n'y arrivent pas.
Banque européenne de l'hydrogène · Banque mondiale · BERD · Fonds souverains
Les industriels
Ils portent les électrolyseurs, les navires et les usines. Leur carnet de commandes est le meilleur indicateur avancé de la filière.
Électrolyseurs · Chantiers navals · Aciéries · Chimie
Les États du Sud
Ils détiennent le soleil et le vent. Leur problème n'est pas la ressource, c'est l'électricité, l'eau et le financement.
Tunisie · Maroc · Égypte · Namibie · Chili
Les normateurs
Ils écrivent les définitions. Une définition change un marché plus sûrement qu'une subvention.
ISO · Hydrogen Council · IPHE
The shelf
Green hydrogen is a field where press releases outnumber measurements. These are the publications that check their numbers: the trade press that covers the deals, the peer-reviewed journals that carry the physics, and the institutions that publish the statistics everyone else quotes.
Trade press
Fast, commercial, and closest to the deals. Read it for what is being built and at what price.
- Hydrogen InsightReutersThe daily record of hydrogen projects, offtake agreements and policy. Published by Reuters.
- RechargeNHSTRenewable energy business news, with the sharpest coverage of electrolyser economics.
- H2 ViewTradeIndustry-facing coverage of the hydrogen value chain, from production to end use.
- Hydrogen CentralTradeA broad aggregator of hydrogen announcements and market notes.
- pv magazineSolarSolar and storage, and therefore the electricity price that decides whether hydrogen works.
- S&P Global Commodity InsightsPricesThe price assessments that contracts are actually written against. Largely paywalled.
- Energy MonitorAnalysisLong-form analysis of the energy transition and its financing.
- Renewables NowWireA wire service for renewable project news, useful for tracking announcements.
Peer-reviewed journals
Where the numbers are defended. Slower, and the only place to check a claim properly.
- International Journal of Hydrogen EnergyElsevierThe reference journal of the field: production, storage, transport, safety, economics.
- Nature EnergyNatureHigh-impact energy research and policy analysis. Often the paper the trade press misreads.
- JouleCell PressEnergy systems research with a strong line in techno-economics and cost curves.
- Energy & Environmental ScienceRSCElectrochemistry, catalysis and system analysis from the Royal Society of Chemistry.
- Applied EnergyElsevierApplied energy engineering, including electrolyser performance and grid integration.
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy ReviewsElsevierSystematic reviews — the fastest way to survey a question without reading forty papers.
- ScienceAAASWhen hydrogen appears here, it is usually because something in the chemistry changed.
- Energy PolicyElsevierThe policy and regulatory literature, where subsidy design is actually evaluated.
Institutions and statistics
The numbers that other people quote. Primary sources, free to read.
- IEA — Global Hydrogen ReviewIEAThe annual stocktake of production, demand, and how far the projects have actually got.
- IRENAIRENARenewable capacity statistics and cost data, with a hydrogen programme.
- Hydrogen CouncilIndustryIndustry body publishing deployment studies. Read for the industry's own view, and its limits.
- Clean Hydrogen PartnershipEUThe European public-private partnership: calls, projects, and their results.
- European Commission — hydrogenEUThe regulatory texts themselves: delegated acts, targets, and the definition of renewable hydrogen.
- IPHEMultilateralThe international partnership on hydrogen and fuel cells, working on standards and certification.
- IEA Hydrogen TCPIEAThe technology collaboration programme: task reports on storage, safety and infrastructure.
- World Bank — energyDevelopmentFinancing data for emerging markets, where most of the new production is planned.
Standards and certification
The least visible and most decisive layer. A definition changes a market faster than a subsidy.
- ISO/TC 197ISOThe technical committee for hydrogen technologies: the standards everyone else builds on.
- CertifHySchemeThe European certification scheme for green and low-carbon hydrogen.
- Hydrogen EuropeAssociationThe European industry association: position papers and regulatory trackers.
- Hydrogen Council — certificationIndustryWork on harmonising the accounting rules across markets.
These are independent publishers. Listing them is not an endorsement, and none of them is affiliated with H2GHUB. Where a source is paywalled, that is stated — the abstract is usually free.