{"dataset":"timeline","title":"H2GHUB world calendar — hydrogen timeline in seven lanes","updated":"2026-10-24","description":"Policy, projects, infrastructure, finance, technology, geopolitics and events, with links between related events. Each event carries at least one sourced fact (value, unit, source, source_url, page_or_table, date_retrieved).","lanes":["policy","projects","infra","finance","tech","geo","events"],"regions":["global","europe","africa","middle_east","asia","americas","oceania"],"sources":[{"id":"bnetza_core","name":"Bundesnetzagentur — Hydrogen core network","publisher":"Bundesnetzagentur","url":"https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/EN/Areas/Energy/HydrogenCoreNetwork/start.html","license":"Information publique","attribution":"Bundesnetzagentur","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24"},{"id":"ec_cbam_2026","name":"European Commission — Access2Markets: Start of the definitive period of the CBAM in the EU","publisher":"European Commission (DG TRADE)","url":"https://trade.ec.europa.eu/access-to-markets/en/news/start-definitive-period-cbam-eu","license":"© European Union — réutilisation autorisée avec mention de la source","attribution":"European Commission — Access2Markets: Start of the definitive period of the CBAM in the EU","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24"},{"id":"ec_repowereu_2022","name":"European Commission — REPowerEU Plan (May 2022), via the European Hydrogen Observatory","publisher":"European Commission / Clean Hydrogen Partnership (European Hydrogen Observatory)","url":"https://observatory.clean-hydrogen.europa.eu/eu-policy/repowereu","license":"© European Union — réutilisation autorisée avec mention de la source","attribution":"European Commission (2022), REPowerEU Plan, COM(2022) 230","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24"},{"id":"ec_south2","name":"European Commission — Global Gateway: Southern Hydrogen Corridor","publisher":"European Commission (DG INTPA)","url":"https://international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/policies/global-gateway/southern-hydrogen-corridor-connecting-north-africa-italy-austria-and-germany_en","license":"© European Union — réutilisation autorisée avec mention de la source","attribution":"European Commission","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24"},{"id":"ehb_2022","name":"European 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4.0","attribution":"Global Energy Monitor, Europe Gas Tracker, January 2025 (hydrogen edition), CC BY 4.0","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24"},{"id":"gie_ehb_2024","name":"Gas Infrastructure Europe — European Hydrogen Backbone: boosting EU resilience and competitiveness (press release)","publisher":"Gas Infrastructure Europe / European Hydrogen Backbone initiative","url":"https://www.gie.eu/press/european-hydrogen-backbone-boosting-eu-resilience-and-competitiveness/","license":"Communiqué public — chiffres cités avec attribution","attribution":"Gas Infrastructure Europe, press release of 20 November 2024","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24"},{"id":"hc_compass_2026","name":"Hydrogen Council — Global Hydrogen Compass 2026","publisher":"Hydrogen Council","url":"https://compass.hydrogencouncil.com/","license":"© Hydrogen Council — chiffres cités avec attribution","attribution":"Hydrogen Council (2026), Global Hydrogen Compass 2026 (Hydrogen Project & Investment Tracker, June 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website","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24"},{"id":"htmena","name":"Hydrogen & CCUS Technology Expo MENA — official website","publisher":"Hydrogen Technology Expo","url":"https://www.hydrogenccs-menaexpo.com/","license":"Site officiel","attribution":"Hydrogen & CCUS Technology Expo MENA — official website","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24"},{"id":"iea_ghr_2026","name":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","publisher":"International Energy Agency","url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","license":"CC BY 4.0","attribution":"IEA (2026), Global Hydrogen Review 2026, CC BY 4.0","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24"},{"id":"iea_policy_uae","name":"IEA Policies database — UAE National Hydrogen Strategy (2023)","publisher":"International Energy Agency","url":"https://www.iea.org/policies/25916","license":"CC BY 4.0","attribution":"IEA Policies database, CC BY 4.0","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24"},{"id":"iea_tracker","name":"IEA — Hydrogen Tracker (Hydrogen Production and Infrastructure Projects Database, June 2026)","publisher":"International Energy Agency","url":"https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/hydrogen-tracker","license":"CC BY 4.0","attribution":"IEA (2026), Hydrogen Tracker / Hydrogen Production and Infrastructure Projects Database, CC BY 4.0. Aggregation by H2GHUB.","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24"},{"id":"lapresse_elmed_2026","name":"La Presse de Tunisie — ELMED : le câble sous-marin avec l'Italie…","publisher":"La Presse de Tunisie","url":"https://www.lapresse.tn/2026/07/17/elmed-le-cable-sous-marin-avec-litalie-peut-il-mettre-fin-aux-coupures-delectricite-en-tunisie/","license":"Article public — chiffres cités avec attribution","attribution":"La Presse de Tunisie, 17 July 2026","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24"},{"id":"mea_events_2026","name":"Embassy of India, Baghdad — List of upcoming technology-related events in India 2026-27 (PDF)","publisher":"Ministry of External Affairs, India","url":"https://www.eoibaghdad.gov.in/content/LIST-OF-UPCOMING-TECHNOLOGY-RELATED-EVENTS-IN-INDIA-2026-27-_Sheet1.pdf","license":"Information publique","attribution":"Embassy of India, Baghdad — List of upcoming technology-related events in India 2026-27 (PDF)","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24"},{"id":"mea_fairs","name":"Embassy of India, Stockholm — Major trade fairs and exhibitions in India","publisher":"Ministry of External Affairs, India","url":"https://www.indembassysweden.gov.in/page/major-trade-fairs-and-exhibitions-in-india/","license":"Information publique","attribution":"Embassy of India, Stockholm — Major trade fairs and exhibitions in India","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24"},{"id":"natran_h2med_2026","name":"NaTran — H2Med project presentation (February 2026)","publisher":"NaTran (with REN, Enagás, Teréga, OGE)","url":"https://www.natrangroupe.com/sites/default/files/h2/h2med-presentation-february2026.pdf","license":"Document public — chiffres cités avec attribution","attribution":"H2Med project presentation, NaTran, February 2026","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24"},{"id":"pmindia_nghm","name":"Government of India — Cabinet approves National Green Hydrogen Mission","publisher":"Prime Minister's Office, India","url":"https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/cabinet-approves-national-green-hydrogen-mission/","license":"Information publique","attribution":"Government of India (2023)","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24"},{"id":"smartere","name":"The smarter E Europe — Hydrogen Dialogue (official website)","publisher":"Solar Promotion GmbH / FMB","url":"https://www.thesmartere.de/for-visitors/hydrogen?lang=en","license":"Site officiel","attribution":"The smarter E Europe — Hydrogen Dialogue (official website)","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24"},{"id":"spglobal_aus_2024","name":"S&P Global — Australia's renewed strategy eyes 15 MMt/y green hydrogen output by 2050","publisher":"S&P Global Commodity Insights","url":"https://www.spglobal.com/energy/en/news-research/latest-news/energy-transition/091324-australias-renewed-strategy-eyes-15-mmty-green-hydrogen-output-by-2050","license":"Article public — chiffres cités avec attribution","attribution":"S&P Global, 13 September 2024","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24"},{"id":"unccd_cop31","name":"UNCCD — 2026 UN Climate Change Conference COP31 (event page)","publisher":"United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification","url":"https://www.unccd.int/index%2Ephp/events/other/2026-un-climate-change-conference-cop31","license":"Information publique","attribution":"UNCCD — 2026 UN Climate Change Conference COP31 (event page)","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24"},{"id":"whs_americas","name":"Hydrogen Americas Summit & Exhibition — official website","publisher":"Sustainable Energy Council","url":"https://www.world-hydrogen-summit.com/americas/en-gb.html","license":"Site officiel","attribution":"Hydrogen Americas Summit & Exhibition — official website","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24"},{"id":"whs_rotterdam","name":"World Hydrogen Summit & Exhibition — official website","publisher":"Sustainable Energy Council","url":"https://www.world-hydrogen-summit.com/world/en-gb.html","license":"Site officiel","attribution":"World Hydrogen Summit & Exhibition — official website","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24"}],"entries":[{"id":"repowereu","date":"2022-05","end":null,"date_precision":"month","lane":"policy","regions":["europe"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"REPowerEU sets the EU hydrogen target","fr":"REPowerEU fixe l’objectif hydrogène de l’UE","de":"REPowerEU legt das EU-Wasserstoffziel fest","it":"REPowerEU fissa l’obiettivo UE per l’idrogeno","ar":"خطة REPowerEU تحدد هدف الاتحاد الأوروبي للهيدروجين"},"description":{"en":"The European Commission’s plan sets indicative targets of 10 Mt of domestic renewable hydrogen production and 10 Mt of imports by 2030.","fr":"Le plan de la Commission européenne fixe des objectifs indicatifs de 10 Mt d’hydrogène renouvelable produites dans l’UE et de 10 Mt importées d’ici 2030.","de":"Der Plan der EU-Kommission setzt Richtwerte von 10 Mt heimisch erzeugtem und 10 Mt importiertem erneuerbarem Wasserstoff bis 2030.","it":"Il piano della Commissione europea fissa obiettivi indicativi di 10 Mt di idrogeno rinnovabile prodotto nell’UE e 10 Mt importate entro il 2030.","ar":"تحدد خطة المفوضية الأوروبية أهدافاً استرشادية بإنتاج 10 ملايين طن من الهيدروجين المتجدد داخل الاتحاد واستيراد 10 ملايين طن بحلول 2030."},"place":null,"url":"https://observatory.clean-hydrogen.europa.eu/eu-policy/repowereu","related":["ukraine","eu-20mt","ehb-1","ehb-2"],"facts":[{"value":10,"unit":"Mt domestic renewable H2 + 10 Mt imports by 2030 (indicative)","source":"European Commission — REPowerEU Plan (May 2022), via the European Hydrogen Observatory","source_id":"ec_repowereu_2022","source_url":"https://observatory.clean-hydrogen.europa.eu/eu-policy/repowereu","page_or_table":"REPowerEU page","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© European Union — réutilisation autorisée avec mention de la source","kind":"target"}]},{"id":"india-nghm","date":"2023-01-04","end":null,"date_precision":"day","lane":"policy","regions":["asia"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"India approves its National Green Hydrogen Mission","fr":"L’Inde adopte sa mission nationale pour l’hydrogène vert","de":"Indien beschließt seine nationale Mission für grünen Wasserstoff","it":"L’India approva la missione nazionale per l’idrogeno verde","ar":"الهند تعتمد البعثة الوطنية للهيدروجين الأخضر"},"description":{"en":"Cabinet approval of a mission targeting at least 5 Mt of green hydrogen a year by 2030, with about 125 GW of associated renewable capacity.","fr":"Le gouvernement approuve une mission visant au moins 5 Mt d’hydrogène vert par an en 2030, avec environ 125 GW de capacités renouvelables associées.","de":"Das Kabinett billigt eine Mission mit dem Ziel von mindestens 5 Mt grünem Wasserstoff pro Jahr bis 2030 und rund 125 GW zugehöriger erneuerbarer Leistung.","it":"Il governo approva una missione che punta ad almeno 5 Mt di idrogeno verde l’anno al 2030, con circa 125 GW di capacità rinnovabile associata.","ar":"وافق مجلس الوزراء على بعثة تستهدف إنتاج 5 ملايين طن على الأقل من الهيدروجين الأخضر سنوياً بحلول 2030، مع نحو 125 غيغاواط من القدرات المتجددة المرتبطة بها."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/cabinet-approves-national-green-hydrogen-mission/","related":["india-deals","amgreen-uniper","icgh-2026"],"facts":[{"value":5,"unit":"Mt H2/yr by 2030 (at least)","source":"Government of India — Cabinet approves National Green Hydrogen Mission","source_id":"pmindia_nghm","source_url":"https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/cabinet-approves-national-green-hydrogen-mission/","page_or_table":"Cabinet decision of 4 Jan. 2023","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"Information publique","kind":"target"},{"value":125,"unit":"GW associated renewable capacity","source":"Government of India — Cabinet approves National Green Hydrogen Mission","source_id":"pmindia_nghm","source_url":"https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/cabinet-approves-national-green-hydrogen-mission/","page_or_table":"Cabinet decision of 4 Jan. 2023","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"Information publique","kind":"target"}]},{"id":"uae-strategy","date":"2023","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"policy","regions":["middle_east"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"UAE national hydrogen strategy","fr":"Stratégie hydrogène des Émirats arabes unis","de":"Wasserstoffstrategie der VAE","it":"Strategia nazionale per l’idrogeno degli EAU","ar":"الاستراتيجية الوطنية للهيدروجين في الإمارات"},"description":{"en":"Targets 1.4 Mt of hydrogen a year by 2031 (1 Mt renewable, 0.4 Mt low-carbon) and 15 Mt by 2050.","fr":"Vise 1,4 Mt d’hydrogène par an en 2031 (1 Mt renouvelable, 0,4 Mt bas carbone) et 15 Mt en 2050.","de":"Ziel: 1,4 Mt Wasserstoff pro Jahr bis 2031 (1 Mt erneuerbar, 0,4 Mt kohlenstoffarm) und 15 Mt bis 2050.","it":"Obiettivo: 1,4 Mt di idrogeno l’anno al 2031 (1 Mt rinnovabile, 0,4 Mt a basse emissioni) e 15 Mt al 2050.","ar":"تستهدف 1.4 مليون طن من الهيدروجين سنوياً بحلول 2031 (مليون طن متجدد و0.4 مليون طن منخفض الكربون) و15 مليون طن بحلول 2050."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/policies/25916","related":["hormuz","neom"],"facts":[{"value":1.4,"unit":"Mt H2/yr by 2031","source":"IEA Policies database — UAE National Hydrogen Strategy (2023)","source_id":"iea_policy_uae","source_url":"https://www.iea.org/policies/25916","page_or_table":"Policy 25916","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"target"},{"value":15,"unit":"Mt H2/yr by 2050","source":"IEA Policies database — UAE National Hydrogen Strategy (2023)","source_id":"iea_policy_uae","source_url":"https://www.iea.org/policies/25916","page_or_table":"Policy 25916","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"target"}]},{"id":"tn-strategy","date":"2024","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"policy","regions":["africa"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"Tunisia adopts its green hydrogen strategy","fr":"La Tunisie adopte sa stratégie hydrogène vert","de":"Tunesien verabschiedet seine Strategie für grünen Wasserstoff","it":"La Tunisia adotta la strategia per l’idrogeno verde","ar":"تونس تعتمد استراتيجيتها للهيدروجين الأخضر"},"description":{"en":"The 2024 national strategy targets 320 kt of renewable hydrogen in 2030 and 8.3 Mt a year by 2050, 6 Mt of it exported by pipeline.","fr":"La stratégie nationale de 2024 vise 320 kt d’hydrogène renouvelable en 2030 et 8,3 Mt par an en 2050, dont 6 Mt exportées par pipeline.","de":"Die nationale Strategie von 2024 zielt auf 320 kt erneuerbaren Wasserstoff im Jahr 2030 und 8,3 Mt pro Jahr bis 2050, davon 6 Mt für den Pipeline-Export.","it":"La strategia nazionale del 2024 punta a 320 kt di idrogeno rinnovabile nel 2030 e a 8,3 Mt l’anno al 2050, di cui 6 Mt esportate via gasdotto.","ar":"تستهدف الاستراتيجية الوطنية لسنة 2024 إنتاج 320 ألف طن من الهيدروجين المتجدد في 2030 و8.3 ملايين طن سنوياً بحلول 2050، منها 6 ملايين طن للتصدير عبر الأنابيب."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2026","related":["south2-decl","tn-2050","notos","elmed"],"facts":[{"value":320,"unit":"kt H2/yr in 2030","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 219","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"target"},{"value":8.3,"unit":"Mt H2/yr by 2050 (6 Mt exported by pipeline)","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 219-220","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"target"}]},{"id":"au-strategy","date":"2024-09","end":null,"date_precision":"month","lane":"policy","regions":["oceania"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"Australia renews its hydrogen strategy","fr":"L’Australie renouvelle sa stratégie hydrogène","de":"Australien erneuert seine Wasserstoffstrategie","it":"L’Australia rinnova la strategia per l’idrogeno","ar":"أستراليا تجدد استراتيجيتها للهيدروجين"},"description":{"en":"The renewed national strategy aims for 15 Mt of green hydrogen a year by 2050, with a stretch goal of 30 Mt.","fr":"La stratégie nationale renouvelée vise 15 Mt d’hydrogène vert par an en 2050, avec un objectif ambitieux de 30 Mt.","de":"Die erneuerte nationale Strategie strebt bis 2050 15 Mt grünen Wasserstoff pro Jahr an, mit einem Ambitionsziel von 30 Mt.","it":"La strategia nazionale rinnovata punta a 15 Mt di idrogeno verde l’anno al 2050, con un obiettivo ambizioso di 30 Mt.","ar":"تستهدف الاستراتيجية الوطنية المجددة 15 مليون طن من الهيدروجين الأخضر سنوياً بحلول 2050، مع هدف طموح يبلغ 30 مليون طن."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.spglobal.com/energy/en/news-research/latest-news/energy-transition/091324-australias-renewed-strategy-eyes-15-mmty-green-hydrogen-output-by-2050","related":["suiso"],"facts":[{"value":15,"unit":"Mt H2/yr by 2050 (stretch goal 30 Mt)","source":"S&P Global — Australia's renewed strategy eyes 15 MMt/y green hydrogen output by 2050","source_id":"spglobal_aus_2024","source_url":"https://www.spglobal.com/energy/en/news-research/latest-news/energy-transition/091324-australias-renewed-strategy-eyes-15-mmty-green-hydrogen-output-by-2050","page_or_table":"Article of 13 Sept. 2024","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"Article public — chiffres cités avec attribution","kind":"target"}]},{"id":"south2-decl","date":"2025-01-21","end":null,"date_precision":"day","lane":"policy","regions":["africa","europe"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"SoutH2: joint declaration of five countries","fr":"SoutH2 : déclaration commune de cinq pays","de":"SoutH2: gemeinsame Erklärung von fünf Ländern","it":"SoutH2: dichiarazione congiunta di cinque paesi","ar":"SoutH2: إعلان مشترك لخمسة بلدان"},"description":{"en":"Algeria, Tunisia, Italy, Austria and Germany sign a joint declaration of political intent on the southern hydrogen corridor to Central Europe.","fr":"L’Algérie, la Tunisie, l’Italie, l’Autriche et l’Allemagne signent une déclaration d’intention politique sur le corridor sud de l’hydrogène vers l’Europe centrale.","de":"Algerien, Tunesien, Italien, Österreich und Deutschland unterzeichnen eine politische Absichtserklärung zum südlichen Wasserstoffkorridor nach Mitteleuropa.","it":"Algeria, Tunisia, Italia, Austria e Germania firmano una dichiarazione d’intenti politici sul corridoio meridionale dell’idrogeno verso l’Europa centrale.","ar":"وقّعت الجزائر وتونس وإيطاليا والنمسا وألمانيا إعلان نوايا سياسياً بشأن الممر الجنوبي للهيدروجين نحو أوروبا الوسطى."},"place":null,"url":"https://international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/policies/global-gateway/southern-hydrogen-corridor-connecting-north-africa-italy-austria-and-germany_en","related":["tn-strategy","notos","de-core","elmed"],"facts":[{"value":"2025-01-21","unit":"joint declaration of political intent (DZ, TN, IT, AT, DE)","source":"European Commission — Global Gateway: Southern Hydrogen Corridor","source_id":"ec_south2","source_url":"https://international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/policies/global-gateway/southern-hydrogen-corridor-connecting-north-africa-italy-austria-and-germany_en","page_or_table":"Global Gateway page","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© European Union — réutilisation autorisée avec mention de la source","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"red3-deadline","date":"2025-05","end":null,"date_precision":"month","lane":"policy","regions":["europe"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"RED III transposition deadline","fr":"Date limite de transposition de RED III","de":"Frist zur Umsetzung von RED III","it":"Termine di recepimento della RED III","ar":"الموعد النهائي لتحويل توجيهة RED III"},"description":{"en":"EU countries had until May 2025 to transpose the Renewable Energy Directive, whose RFNBO quotas create the first regulated demand for renewable hydrogen.","fr":"Les pays de l’UE avaient jusqu’en mai 2025 pour transposer la directive sur les énergies renouvelables, dont les quotas de RFNBO créent la première demande réglementée d’hydrogène renouvelable.","de":"Die EU-Staaten hatten bis Mai 2025 Zeit, die Erneuerbare-Energien-Richtlinie umzusetzen, deren RFNBO-Quoten die erste regulierte Nachfrage nach erneuerbarem Wasserstoff schaffen.","it":"I paesi UE avevano tempo fino a maggio 2025 per recepire la direttiva sulle rinnovabili, le cui quote di RFNBO creano la prima domanda regolata di idrogeno rinnovabile.","ar":"كان أمام دول الاتحاد الأوروبي حتى مايو 2025 لتحويل توجيهة الطاقة المتجددة، التي تخلق حصصها من وقود RFNBO أول طلب منظَّم على الهيدروجين المتجدد."},"place":null,"url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","related":["red3-13ms","eu-42","rfnbo-review"],"facts":[{"value":"2025-05","unit":"transposition deadline of RED III","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 35","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"cbam","date":"2026-01-01","end":null,"date_precision":"day","lane":"policy","regions":["europe","global"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"EU carbon border adjustment enters its definitive period","fr":"Le mécanisme d’ajustement carbone aux frontières entre en régime définitif","de":"CO₂-Grenzausgleich der EU geht in die endgültige Phase","it":"Il meccanismo di adeguamento del carbonio alle frontiere entra nella fase definitiva","ar":"آلية تعديل حدود الكربون الأوروبية تدخل مرحلتها النهائية"},"description":{"en":"Authorised importers now pay for the CO₂ embedded in goods such as steel, cement and fertilisers; the de minimis exemption does not apply to hydrogen.","fr":"Les importateurs agréés paient désormais le CO₂ incorporé dans des produits comme l’acier, le ciment et les engrais ; l’exemption de minimis ne s’applique pas à l’hydrogène.","de":"Zugelassene Importeure zahlen nun für das in Waren wie Stahl, Zement und Düngemitteln enthaltene CO₂; die De-minimis-Ausnahme gilt nicht für Wasserstoff.","it":"Gli importatori autorizzati pagano ora la CO₂ incorporata in prodotti come acciaio, cemento e fertilizzanti; l’esenzione de minimis non si applica all’idrogeno.","ar":"بات المستوردون المعتمدون يدفعون ثمن ثاني أكسيد الكربون المتضمَّن في سلع مثل الصلب والإسمنت والأسمدة؛ ولا ينطبق إعفاء الحد الأدنى على الهيدروجين."},"place":null,"url":"https://trade.ec.europa.eu/access-to-markets/en/news/start-definitive-period-cbam-eu","related":["fertiliser-shock","eu-2040"],"facts":[{"value":"2026-01-01","unit":"start of the CBAM definitive period","source":"European Commission — Access2Markets: Start of the definitive period of the CBAM in the EU","source_id":"ec_cbam_2026","source_url":"https://trade.ec.europa.eu/access-to-markets/en/news/start-definitive-period-cbam-eu","page_or_table":"News of 28 Jan. 2026","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© European Union — réutilisation autorisée avec mention de la source","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"china-clusters","date":"2026-03","end":null,"date_precision":"month","lane":"policy","regions":["asia"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"China launches a new city-cluster programme","fr":"La Chine lance un nouveau programme de pôles urbains","de":"China startet ein neues Städtecluster-Programm","it":"La Cina lancia un nuovo programma di cluster urbani","ar":"الصين تطلق برنامجاً جديداً للتجمعات الحضرية"},"description":{"en":"USD 1.1 billion to widen hydrogen use beyond cars, with an end-use price target of USD 3.6/kg (striving for 2.2) and 100 000 fuel cell vehicles by 2030.","fr":"1,1 milliard USD pour élargir les usages de l’hydrogène au-delà de la voiture, avec un prix cible de 3,6 USD/kg à l’usage final (2,2 visés) et 100 000 véhicules à pile à combustible en 2030.","de":"1,1 Mrd. USD, um die Wasserstoffnutzung über Pkw hinaus auszuweiten, mit einem Endverbraucherpreisziel von 3,6 USD/kg (angestrebt 2,2) und 100 000 Brennstoffzellenfahrzeugen bis 2030.","it":"1,1 miliardi di USD per estendere l’uso dell’idrogeno oltre le auto, con un prezzo obiettivo all’uso finale di 3,6 USD/kg (puntando a 2,2) e 100 000 veicoli a celle a combustibile al 2030.","ar":"1.1 مليار دولار لتوسيع استخدامات الهيدروجين أبعد من السيارات، مع سعر مستهدف عند الاستخدام النهائي يبلغ 3.6 دولار للكيلوغرام (والسعي إلى 2.2) و100 ألف مركبة بخلايا الوقود بحلول 2030."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2026","related":["electrolysis-4gw","china-orders","china-standard"],"facts":[{"value":1.1,"unit":"USD billion (city clusters programme)","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 193","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"},{"value":3.6,"unit":"USD/kg end-use price target","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 193","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"target"}]},{"id":"rfnbo-review","date":"2026-04","end":null,"date_precision":"month","lane":"policy","regions":["europe"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"Brussels announces a review of the RFNBO rules","fr":"Bruxelles annonce une révision des règles RFNBO","de":"Brüssel kündigt eine Überprüfung der RFNBO-Regeln an","it":"Bruxelles annuncia una revisione delle regole RFNBO","ar":"بروكسل تعلن مراجعة قواعد RFNBO"},"description":{"en":"The European Commission says it will propose a targeted review of the strict criteria for renewable fuels of non-biological origin, starting in June 2026.","fr":"La Commission européenne annonce une révision ciblée des critères stricts applicables aux carburants renouvelables d’origine non biologique, à partir de juin 2026.","de":"Die EU-Kommission kündigt eine gezielte Überprüfung der strengen Kriterien für erneuerbare Kraftstoffe nicht biogenen Ursprungs ab Juni 2026 an.","it":"La Commissione europea annuncia una revisione mirata dei criteri stringenti per i combustibili rinnovabili di origine non biologica, a partire da giugno 2026.","ar":"أعلنت المفوضية الأوروبية أنها ستقترح مراجعة موجّهة للمعايير الصارمة للوقود المتجدد من أصل غير بيولوجي، بدءاً من يونيو 2026."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2026","related":["red3-deadline","red3-13ms","ehb-3"],"facts":[{"value":"2026-04","unit":"announcement of a targeted review of RFNBO rules","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 85","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"fertiliser-plan","date":"2026-05","end":null,"date_precision":"month","lane":"policy","regions":["europe"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"EU Fertiliser Action Plan","fr":"Plan d’action de l’UE sur les engrais","de":"Aktionsplan der EU für Düngemittel","it":"Piano d’azione UE sui fertilizzanti","ar":"خطة عمل الاتحاد الأوروبي للأسمدة"},"description":{"en":"Presented to support farmers facing rising fertiliser costs and scarcity, reinforce domestic production and cut Europe’s import dependency.","fr":"Présenté pour soutenir les agriculteurs face à la hausse du coût et à la rareté des engrais, renforcer la production européenne et réduire la dépendance aux importations.","de":"Vorgelegt, um Landwirte bei steigenden Düngemittelkosten und Knappheit zu unterstützen, die heimische Produktion zu stärken und die Importabhängigkeit zu senken.","it":"Presentato per sostenere gli agricoltori di fronte all’aumento dei costi e alla scarsità di fertilizzanti, rafforzare la produzione interna e ridurre la dipendenza dalle importazioni.","ar":"قُدّمت لدعم المزارعين في مواجهة ارتفاع تكاليف الأسمدة وندرتها، وتعزيز الإنتاج المحلي، والحد من اعتماد أوروبا على الواردات."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2026","related":["hormuz","fertiliser-shock"],"facts":[{"value":"2026-05","unit":"European Commission presents its Fertiliser Action Plan","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 21","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"japan-cfd","date":"2026-05","end":null,"date_precision":"month","lane":"policy","regions":["asia"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"Japan selects its contract-for-difference winners","fr":"Le Japon désigne les lauréats de ses contrats pour différence","de":"Japan wählt die Gewinner seiner Differenzverträge","it":"Il Giappone seleziona i vincitori dei contratti per differenza","ar":"اليابان تختار الفائزين بعقود الفروقات"},"description":{"en":"By late May 2026, six winners had been selected, adding up to nearly 130 kt of low-emissions hydrogen; two support ammonia imports for power.","fr":"Fin mai 2026, six lauréats avaient été retenus, pour près de 130 kt d’hydrogène bas carbone ; deux soutiennent des importations d’ammoniac pour l’électricité.","de":"Bis Ende Mai 2026 wurden sechs Gewinner mit zusammen fast 130 kt emissionsarmem Wasserstoff ausgewählt; zwei fördern Ammoniakimporte für die Stromerzeugung.","it":"A fine maggio 2026 erano stati scelti sei vincitori, per quasi 130 kt di idrogeno a basse emissioni; due sostengono importazioni di ammoniaca per la produzione elettrica.","ar":"بحلول أواخر مايو 2026 اختيرت ستة مشاريع فائزة بإجمالي يقارب 130 ألف طن من الهيدروجين منخفض الانبعاثات؛ اثنان منها يدعمان استيراد الأمونيا لتوليد الكهرباء."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2026","related":["blue-point","suiso","kawasaki-terminal"],"facts":[{"value":130,"unit":"kt low-emissions H2 (six CfD winners, late May 2026)","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 193 and p. 209","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"red3-13ms","date":"2026-06","end":null,"date_precision":"month","lane":"policy","regions":["europe"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"RED III transposed for transport in 13 member states","fr":"RED III transposée pour les transports dans 13 États membres","de":"RED III für den Verkehr in 13 Mitgliedstaaten umgesetzt","it":"RED III recepita per i trasporti in 13 Stati membri","ar":"تحويل RED III للنقل في 13 دولة عضواً"},"description":{"en":"By early June 2026, transposition into national law was complete in 13 countries for transport, creating demand for more than 575 ktpa of low-emissions hydrogen.","fr":"Début juin 2026, la transposition était achevée dans 13 pays pour les transports, créant une demande de plus de 575 ktpa d’hydrogène bas carbone.","de":"Anfang Juni 2026 war die Umsetzung für den Verkehr in 13 Ländern abgeschlossen; sie schafft eine Nachfrage von mehr als 575 kt/Jahr emissionsarmem Wasserstoff.","it":"A inizio giugno 2026 il recepimento era completato in 13 paesi per i trasporti, creando una domanda di oltre 575 ktpa di idrogeno a basse emissioni.","ar":"بحلول مطلع يونيو 2026 اكتمل التحويل إلى القوانين الوطنية في 13 دولة لقطاع النقل، ما يخلق طلباً على أكثر من 575 ألف طن سنوياً من الهيدروجين منخفض الانبعاثات."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2026","related":["red3-deadline","eu-42","onuba-fid","rfnbo-review"],"facts":[{"value":13,"unit":"member states (transport transposition, early June 2026)","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 193","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"},{"value":575,"unit":"ktpa low-emissions H2 demand created (more than)","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 193","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"eu-20mt","date":"2030-12-31","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"policy","regions":["europe"],"kind":"deadline","title":{"en":"Deadline: 20 Mt of renewable hydrogen in the EU","fr":"Échéance : 20 Mt d’hydrogène renouvelable dans l’UE","de":"Frist: 20 Mt erneuerbarer Wasserstoff in der EU","it":"Scadenza: 20 Mt di idrogeno rinnovabile nell’UE","ar":"موعد: 20 مليون طن من الهيدروجين المتجدد في الاتحاد الأوروبي"},"description":{"en":"REPowerEU: 10 Mt produced in the EU and 10 Mt imported by 2030.","fr":"REPowerEU : 10 Mt produites dans l’UE et 10 Mt importées d’ici 2030.","de":"REPowerEU: 10 Mt in der EU erzeugt und 10 Mt importiert bis 2030.","it":"REPowerEU: 10 Mt prodotte nell’UE e 10 Mt importate entro il 2030.","ar":"REPowerEU: إنتاج 10 ملايين طن داخل الاتحاد واستيراد 10 ملايين طن بحلول 2030."},"place":null,"url":"https://observatory.clean-hydrogen.europa.eu/eu-policy/repowereu","related":["repowereu","eu-42","ehb-4"],"facts":[{"value":20,"unit":"Mt renewable H2 by 2030 (10 domestic + 10 imported)","source":"European Commission — REPowerEU Plan (May 2022), via the European Hydrogen Observatory","source_id":"ec_repowereu_2022","source_url":"https://observatory.clean-hydrogen.europa.eu/eu-policy/repowereu","page_or_table":"REPowerEU page","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© European Union — réutilisation autorisée avec mention de la source","kind":"target"}]},{"id":"eu-42","date":"2030-12-31","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"policy","regions":["europe"],"kind":"deadline","title":{"en":"Deadline: 42 % renewable hydrogen in industry","fr":"Échéance : 42 % d’hydrogène renouvelable dans l’industrie","de":"Frist: 42 % erneuerbarer Wasserstoff in der Industrie","it":"Scadenza: 42 % di idrogeno rinnovabile nell’industria","ar":"موعد: 42 % من الهيدروجين المتجدد في الصناعة"},"description":{"en":"RED III: from 2030, 42 % of the hydrogen used in industry must be renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBO).","fr":"RED III : à partir de 2030, 42 % de l’hydrogène utilisé dans l’industrie doit être d’origine renouvelable non biologique (RFNBO).","de":"RED III: Ab 2030 müssen 42 % des in der Industrie genutzten Wasserstoffs erneuerbare Kraftstoffe nicht biogenen Ursprungs (RFNBO) sein.","it":"RED III: dal 2030 il 42 % dell’idrogeno usato nell’industria deve essere RFNBO (combustibili rinnovabili di origine non biologica).","ar":"RED III: اعتباراً من 2030 يجب أن يكون 42 % من الهيدروجين المستخدم في الصناعة وقوداً متجدداً من أصل غير بيولوجي (RFNBO)."},"place":null,"url":"https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/eus-energy-system/hydrogen/renewable-hydrogen_en","related":["red3-deadline","red3-13ms","eu-60","eu-20mt"],"facts":[{"value":42,"unit":"% RFNBO share of industrial hydrogen from 2030 (RED III)","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 34","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"target"}]},{"id":"eu-60","date":"2035-12-31","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"policy","regions":["europe"],"kind":"deadline","title":{"en":"Deadline: 60 % renewable hydrogen in industry","fr":"Échéance : 60 % d’hydrogène renouvelable dans l’industrie","de":"Frist: 60 % erneuerbarer Wasserstoff in der Industrie","it":"Scadenza: 60 % di idrogeno rinnovabile nell’industria","ar":"موعد: 60 % من الهيدروجين المتجدد في الصناعة"},"description":{"en":"The second step of the RED III industrial quota: 60 % RFNBO in industrial hydrogen by 2035.","fr":"La seconde marche du quota industriel de RED III : 60 % de RFNBO dans l’hydrogène industriel en 2035.","de":"Die zweite Stufe der RED-III-Industriequote: 60 % RFNBO im industriellen Wasserstoff bis 2035.","it":"Il secondo gradino della quota industriale RED III: 60 % di RFNBO nell’idrogeno industriale entro il 2035.","ar":"المرحلة الثانية من الحصة الصناعية في RED III: ‏60 % من وقود RFNBO في هيدروجين الصناعة بحلول 2035."},"place":null,"url":"https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/eus-energy-system/hydrogen/renewable-hydrogen_en","related":["eu-42","eu-2040"],"facts":[{"value":60,"unit":"% RFNBO share of industrial hydrogen by 2035 (RED III)","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 34","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"target"}]},{"id":"tn-2050","date":"2050-12-31","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"policy","regions":["africa"],"kind":"deadline","title":{"en":"Deadline: 8.3 Mt a year for Tunisia","fr":"Échéance : 8,3 Mt par an pour la Tunisie","de":"Frist: 8,3 Mt pro Jahr für Tunesien","it":"Scadenza: 8,3 Mt l’anno per la Tunisia","ar":"موعد: 8.3 مليون طن سنوياً لتونس"},"description":{"en":"The national strategy targets 8.3 Mt of green hydrogen a year by 2050, 6 Mt of it exported by pipeline.","fr":"La stratégie nationale vise 8,3 Mt d’hydrogène vert par an en 2050, dont 6 Mt exportées par pipeline.","de":"Die nationale Strategie zielt bis 2050 auf 8,3 Mt grünen Wasserstoff pro Jahr, davon 6 Mt für den Pipeline-Export.","it":"La strategia nazionale punta a 8,3 Mt di idrogeno verde l’anno al 2050, di cui 6 Mt esportate via gasdotto.","ar":"تستهدف الاستراتيجية الوطنية 8.3 ملايين طن من الهيدروجين الأخضر سنوياً بحلول 2050، منها 6 ملايين طن للتصدير عبر الأنابيب."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.energiemines.gov.tn/","related":["tn-strategy","south2-decl","notos"],"facts":[{"value":8.3,"unit":"Mt H2/yr by 2050 (6 Mt exported by pipeline)","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 219-220","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"target"}]},{"id":"suiso","date":"2022","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"projects","regions":["oceania","asia"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"First liquefied-hydrogen shipments, Australia to Japan","fr":"Premières cargaisons d’hydrogène liquide, de l’Australie au Japon","de":"Erste Flüssigwasserstoff-Lieferungen von Australien nach Japan","it":"Primi carichi di idrogeno liquefatto dall’Australia al Giappone","ar":"أولى شحنات الهيدروجين المسال من أستراليا إلى اليابان"},"description":{"en":"The Suiso Frontier, with a 1 250 m³ tank (about 85 t of hydrogen), demonstrates the liquefied-hydrogen route.","fr":"Le Suiso Frontier, doté d’une cuve de 1 250 m³ (environ 85 t d’hydrogène), démontre la filière de l’hydrogène liquéfié.","de":"Die Suiso Frontier mit einem 1 250-m³-Tank (rund 85 t Wasserstoff) demonstriert die Flüssigwasserstoff-Route.","it":"La Suiso Frontier, con un serbatoio da 1 250 m³ (circa 85 t di idrogeno), dimostra la filiera dell’idrogeno liquefatto.","ar":"تُثبت ناقلة Suiso Frontier، بخزان سعته 1250 متراً مكعباً (نحو 85 طناً من الهيدروجين)، جدوى مسار الهيدروجين المسال."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2026","related":["kawasaki-terminal","lh2-carrier","japan-cfd","au-strategy"],"facts":[{"value":1250,"unit":"m³ LH2 tank (85 t H2), first LH2 shipments in 2022","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 189","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"ebic","date":"2022","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"projects","regions":["africa"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"Egypt: the EBIC green hydrogen plant in operation","fr":"Égypte : l’unité d’hydrogène vert EBIC en service","de":"Ägypten: EBIC-Anlage für grünen Wasserstoff in Betrieb","it":"Egitto: l’impianto di idrogeno verde EBIC in esercizio","ar":"مصر: وحدة EBIC للهيدروجين الأخضر قيد التشغيل"},"description":{"en":"Phase 1 of the EBIC project at Ain Sokhna (2.2 kt H₂ a year) is the only operating project the IEA maps in Egypt.","fr":"La phase 1 du projet EBIC à Aïn Sokhna (2,2 kt d’H₂ par an) est le seul projet en service que l’AIE recense en Égypte.","de":"Phase 1 des EBIC-Projekts in Ain Sokhna (2,2 kt H₂ pro Jahr) ist das einzige Projekt in Betrieb, das die IEA in Ägypten verzeichnet.","it":"La fase 1 del progetto EBIC ad Ain Sokhna (2,2 kt di H₂ l’anno) è l’unico progetto in esercizio censito dall’AIE in Egitto.","ar":"المرحلة الأولى من مشروع EBIC في العين السخنة (2.2 ألف طن من الهيدروجين سنوياً) هي المشروع الوحيد قيد التشغيل الذي ترصده الوكالة الدولية للطاقة في مصر."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/hydrogen-tracker","related":["hormuz"],"facts":[{"value":2.249,"unit":"kt H2/yr — EBIC phase 1, operational, commissioned 2022","source":"IEA — Hydrogen Tracker (Hydrogen Production and Infrastructure Projects Database, June 2026)","source_id":"iea_tracker","source_url":"https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/hydrogen-tracker","page_or_table":"Project ref. 1368","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"oshivela","date":"2025","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"projects","regions":["africa"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"Namibia: Oshivela green iron plant starts up","fr":"Namibie : l’usine de fer vert d’Oshivela démarre","de":"Namibia: Grüneisenanlage Oshivela geht in Betrieb","it":"Namibia: avvio dell’impianto di ferro verde di Oshivela","ar":"ناميبيا: انطلاق مصنع الحديد الأخضر في أوشيفيلا"},"description":{"en":"Phase 1 of HyIron’s direct-reduced-iron project (about 2 kt H₂ a year) is operational.","fr":"La phase 1 du projet de fer de réduction directe d’HyIron (environ 2 kt d’H₂ par an) est en service.","de":"Phase 1 von HyIrons Direktreduktionsprojekt (rund 2 kt H₂ pro Jahr) ist in Betrieb.","it":"La fase 1 del progetto di ferro a riduzione diretta di HyIron (circa 2 kt di H₂ l’anno) è in esercizio.","ar":"المرحلة الأولى من مشروع HyIron للحديد المختزل مباشرة (نحو 2 ألف طن من الهيدروجين سنوياً) قيد التشغيل."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/hydrogen-tracker","related":["benteler"],"facts":[{"value":2.034,"unit":"kt H2/yr — Oshivela DRI phase 1, operational 2025","source":"IEA — Hydrogen Tracker (Hydrogen Production and Infrastructure Projects Database, June 2026)","source_id":"iea_tracker","source_url":"https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/hydrogen-tracker","page_or_table":"Project ref. 2592","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"hymarnham","date":"2026-01","end":null,"date_precision":"half","lane":"projects","regions":["europe"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"UK: first HAR1 project in commercial operation","fr":"Royaume-Uni : premier projet HAR1 en exploitation commerciale","de":"Vereinigtes Königreich: erstes HAR1-Projekt im kommerziellen Betrieb","it":"Regno Unito: primo progetto HAR1 in esercizio commerciale","ar":"المملكة المتحدة: أول مشروع من جولة HAR1 في التشغيل التجاري"},"description":{"en":"HyMarnham is the only project above 5 MWel commissioned in Europe in the first half of 2026.","fr":"HyMarnham est le seul projet de plus de 5 MWel mis en service en Europe au premier semestre 2026.","de":"HyMarnham ist das einzige Projekt über 5 MWel, das im ersten Halbjahr 2026 in Europa in Betrieb ging.","it":"HyMarnham è l’unico progetto sopra i 5 MWel entrato in esercizio in Europa nel primo semestre 2026.","ar":"HyMarnham هو المشروع الوحيد بقدرة تفوق 5 ميغاواط كهربائي دخل الخدمة في أوروبا خلال النصف الأول من 2026."},"place":null,"url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","related":["wave-2026"],"facts":[{"value":"H1 2026","unit":"only project above 5 MWel commissioned in Europe in H1 2026 (HyMarnham, first HAR1 project)","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 24","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"onuba-fid","date":"2026-01","end":null,"date_precision":"half","lane":"projects","regions":["europe"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"Spain: 0.4 GW of electrolysis reaches FID","fr":"Espagne : 0,4 GW d’électrolyse en décision finale","de":"Spanien: 0,4 GW Elektrolyse mit finaler Investitionsentscheidung","it":"Spagna: 0,4 GW di elettrolisi con decisione finale d’investimento","ar":"إسبانيا: 0.4 غيغاواط من التحليل الكهربائي تبلغ قرار الاستثمار النهائي"},"description":{"en":"Moeve’s 0.3 GWel Onuba project and Repsol’s 0.1 GWel Basque Hydrogen Corridor at Muskiz take final investment decisions, mainly for refining.","fr":"Le projet Onuba de Moeve (0,3 GWel) et le Basque Hydrogen Corridor de Repsol à Muskiz (0,1 GWel) prennent leur décision finale d’investissement, surtout pour le raffinage.","de":"Moeves Projekt Onuba (0,3 GWel) und Repsols Basque Hydrogen Corridor in Muskiz (0,1 GWel) treffen ihre finale Investitionsentscheidung, vor allem für Raffinerien.","it":"Il progetto Onuba di Moeve (0,3 GWel) e il Basque Hydrogen Corridor di Repsol a Muskiz (0,1 GWel) prendono la decisione finale d’investimento, soprattutto per la raffinazione.","ar":"مشروع Onuba لشركة Moeve (‏0.3 غيغاواط كهربائي) وممر الهيدروجين الباسكي لشركة Repsol في موسكيز (‏0.1 غيغاواط كهربائي) يبلغان قرار الاستثمار النهائي، أساساً لقطاع التكرير."},"place":null,"url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","related":["red3-13ms","wave-2029","ehb-3"],"facts":[{"value":0.4,"unit":"GWel reaching FID in Spain in H1 2026","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 26","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"first-shipments","date":"2026-01","end":null,"date_precision":"quarter","lane":"projects","regions":["asia","europe"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"First certified commercial shipments of e-ammonia and e-methanol","fr":"Premières cargaisons commerciales certifiées d’e-ammoniac et d’e-méthanol","de":"Erste zertifizierte Handelslieferungen von E-Ammoniak und E-Methanol","it":"Primi carichi commerciali certificati di e-ammoniaca ed e-metanolo","ar":"أولى الشحنات التجارية المعتمدة من الأمونيا والميثانول الإلكترونيين"},"description":{"en":"Early 2026: electrolytic ammonia from Inner Mongolia delivered to Ulsan (Korea), and RFNBO-certified methanol shipped from Kassø (Denmark) to Germany.","fr":"Début 2026 : de l’ammoniac électrolytique de Mongolie-Intérieure livré à Ulsan (Corée), et du méthanol certifié RFNBO expédié de Kassø (Danemark) vers l’Allemagne.","de":"Anfang 2026: elektrolytisches Ammoniak aus der Inneren Mongolei nach Ulsan (Korea) geliefert und RFNBO-zertifiziertes Methanol von Kassø (Dänemark) nach Deutschland verschifft.","it":"Inizio 2026: ammoniaca elettrolitica dalla Mongolia Interna consegnata a Ulsan (Corea) e metanolo certificato RFNBO spedito da Kassø (Danimarca) in Germania.","ar":"مطلع 2026: تسليم أمونيا مُنتجة بالتحليل الكهربائي من منغوليا الداخلية إلى أولسان (كوريا)، وشحن ميثانول معتمد كوقود RFNBO من كاسو (الدنمارك) إلى ألمانيا."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2026","related":["cbam","japan-cfd"],"facts":[{"value":"early 2026","unit":"first commercial shipment of electrolytic ammonia (Envision → LOTTE Fine Chemical, ISCC) and 0.4 kt H2-eq of RFNBO methanol (Kassø → Germany)","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 143","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"india-deals","date":"2026-03","end":null,"date_precision":"month","lane":"projects","regions":["asia"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"India: fertiliser makers sign green ammonia deals","fr":"Inde : les producteurs d’engrais signent pour l’ammoniac vert","de":"Indien: Düngemittelhersteller unterzeichnen Verträge über grünes Ammoniak","it":"India: i produttori di fertilizzanti firmano per l’ammoniaca verde","ar":"الهند: منتجو الأسمدة يوقّعون عقود الأمونيا الخضراء"},"description":{"en":"The government announces that 11 fertiliser companies have signed for more than 90 % of the volume tendered by SECI; two companies withdrew.","fr":"Le gouvernement annonce que 11 producteurs d’engrais ont signé pour plus de 90 % du volume mis en adjudication par SECI ; deux entreprises se sont retirées.","de":"Die Regierung meldet, dass 11 Düngemittelunternehmen Verträge über mehr als 90 % der von SECI ausgeschriebenen Menge unterzeichnet haben; zwei zogen sich zurück.","it":"Il governo annuncia che 11 produttori di fertilizzanti hanno firmato per oltre il 90 % del volume messo a gara da SECI; due aziende si sono ritirate.","ar":"أعلنت الحكومة أن 11 شركة أسمدة وقّعت عقوداً لأكثر من 90 % من الكميات التي طرحتها SECI في مناقصتها، فيما انسحبت شركتان."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2026","related":["india-nghm","amgreen-uniper","icgh-2026","fertiliser-shock"],"facts":[{"value":11,"unit":"fertiliser companies signed for more than 90% of the tendered volume (March 2026)","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 50","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"wave-2026","date":"2026-12","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"projects","regions":["europe"],"kind":"planned","title":{"en":"Europe’s first 200 MW-class electrolysers due online","fr":"Les premiers électrolyseurs de 200 MW attendus en Europe","de":"Europas erste Elektrolyseure der 200-MW-Klasse sollen ans Netz gehen","it":"Attesi in Europa i primi elettrolizzatori da 200 MW","ar":"أول محللات كهربائية بقدرة 200 ميغاواط تدخل الخدمة في أوروبا"},"description":{"en":"Holland Hydrogen 1 and Normand’Hy (200 MWel each, refining) target 2026, Stegra (740 MWel, steel) 2026/27; about 1.6 GWel could come online in 2026.","fr":"Holland Hydrogen 1 et Normand’Hy (200 MWel chacun, raffinage) visent 2026, Stegra (740 MWel, acier) 2026-2027 ; environ 1,6 GWel pourraient entrer en service en 2026.","de":"Holland Hydrogen 1 und Normand’Hy (je 200 MWel, Raffinerie) peilen 2026 an, Stegra (740 MWel, Stahl) 2026/27; rund 1,6 GWel könnten 2026 ans Netz gehen.","it":"Holland Hydrogen 1 e Normand’Hy (200 MWel ciascuno, raffinazione) puntano al 2026, Stegra (740 MWel, acciaio) al 2026-2027; circa 1,6 GWel potrebbero entrare in esercizio nel 2026.","ar":"يستهدف مشروعا Holland Hydrogen 1 وNormand’Hy (‏200 ميغاواط كهربائي لكل منهما، للتكرير) عام 2026، ومشروع Stegra (‏740 ميغاواط كهربائي، للصلب) 2026-2027؛ وقد تدخل نحو 1.6 غيغاواط كهربائي الخدمة في 2026."},"place":null,"url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","related":["hymarnham","wave-2027","electrolysis-4gw"],"facts":[{"value":200,"unit":"MWel each — Holland Hydrogen 1 and Normand’Hy, COD 2026","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 28, Figure 1.9","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"projection","scenario":"Announced commercial operation dates"},{"value":740,"unit":"MWel — Stegra, COD 2026/27","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 28, Figure 1.9","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"projection","scenario":"Announced commercial operation dates"},{"value":1.6,"unit":"GWel under construction expected online in 2026","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 24","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"projection","scenario":"Announced project timelines"}]},{"id":"benteler","date":"2026","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"projects","regions":["africa","europe"],"kind":"planned","title":{"en":"Namibia–Germany: first green iron volumes","fr":"Namibie–Allemagne : premiers volumes de fer vert","de":"Namibia–Deutschland: erste Mengen grünen Eisens","it":"Namibia–Germania: primi volumi di ferro verde","ar":"ناميبيا–ألمانيا: أولى كميات الحديد الأخضر"},"description":{"en":"HyIron’s offtake agreement with Benteler covers up to 200 kt of direct-reduced iron a year, with first volumes in 2026.","fr":"L’accord d’enlèvement d’HyIron avec Benteler porte sur jusqu’à 200 kt de fer de réduction directe par an, premiers volumes en 2026.","de":"HyIrons Abnahmevertrag mit Benteler umfasst bis zu 200 kt direkt reduziertes Eisen pro Jahr, erste Mengen 2026.","it":"L’accordo di ritiro tra HyIron e Benteler copre fino a 200 kt l’anno di ferro a riduzione diretta, con i primi volumi nel 2026.","ar":"يشمل اتفاق الشراء بين HyIron وBenteler ما يصل إلى 200 ألف طن سنوياً من الحديد المختزل مباشرة، مع أولى الكميات في 2026."},"place":null,"url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","related":["oshivela"],"facts":[{"value":200,"unit":"ktpa DRI (up to), HyIron → Benteler, first volumes 2026","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 50 (Figure 3.6)","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"projection","scenario":"Offtake agreement"}]},{"id":"neom","date":"2027","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"projects","regions":["middle_east"],"kind":"planned","title":{"en":"Saudi Arabia: NEOM green hydrogen due to start","fr":"Arabie saoudite : démarrage prévu de NEOM","de":"Saudi-Arabien: Start von NEOM-Wasserstoff geplant","it":"Arabia Saudita: previsto l’avvio di NEOM","ar":"السعودية: موعد انطلاق مشروع نيوم للهيدروجين الأخضر"},"description":{"en":"The 2.2 GW NEOM project on the Red Sea, the largest under construction, is mapped by the IEA at 373 kt H₂ a year with a 2027 start.","fr":"Le projet NEOM de 2,2 GW au bord de la mer Rouge, le plus grand en construction, est recensé par l’AIE à 373 kt d’H₂ par an avec un démarrage en 2027.","de":"Das 2,2-GW-Projekt NEOM am Roten Meer, das größte im Bau, führt die IEA mit 373 kt H₂ pro Jahr und Start 2027.","it":"Il progetto NEOM da 2,2 GW sul Mar Rosso, il più grande in costruzione, è censito dall’AIE a 373 kt di H₂ l’anno con avvio nel 2027.","ar":"مشروع نيوم بقدرة 2.2 غيغاواط على البحر الأحمر، الأكبر قيد الإنشاء، ترصده الوكالة الدولية للطاقة بطاقة 373 ألف طن من الهيدروجين سنوياً وبدء التشغيل في 2027."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/hydrogen-tracker","related":["hormuz","uae-strategy"],"facts":[{"value":372.871,"unit":"kt H2/yr — NEOM, FID/construction, start 2027","source":"IEA — Hydrogen Tracker (Hydrogen Production and Infrastructure Projects Database, June 2026)","source_id":"iea_tracker","source_url":"https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/hydrogen-tracker","page_or_table":"Project ref. 585","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"projection","scenario":"Announced start date"},{"value":2.2,"unit":"GW electrolyser capacity (NEOM)","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 20, Box 1.1","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"wave-2027","date":"2027","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"projects","regions":["europe"],"kind":"planned","title":{"en":"A wave of 100–300 MW electrolysers due in Europe","fr":"Une vague d’électrolyseurs de 100 à 300 MW attendue en Europe","de":"Eine Welle von 100–300-MW-Elektrolyseuren in Europa erwartet","it":"Attesa in Europa un’ondata di elettrolizzatori da 100–300 MW","ar":"موجة من المحللات الكهربائية بقدرة 100–300 ميغاواط في أوروبا"},"description":{"en":"Under construction with a 2027 target: Clean Hydrogen Coastline (280 MWel), ELYgator (200 MWel), UpHy Large (140 MWel) and four 100 MWel plants.","fr":"En construction pour 2027 : Clean Hydrogen Coastline (280 MWel), ELYgator (200 MWel), UpHy Large (140 MWel) et quatre unités de 100 MWel.","de":"Im Bau mit Ziel 2027: Clean Hydrogen Coastline (280 MWel), ELYgator (200 MWel), UpHy Large (140 MWel) und vier 100-MWel-Anlagen.","it":"In costruzione con obiettivo 2027: Clean Hydrogen Coastline (280 MWel), ELYgator (200 MWel), UpHy Large (140 MWel) e quattro impianti da 100 MWel.","ar":"قيد الإنشاء بهدف 2027: Clean Hydrogen Coastline (‏280 ميغاواط كهربائي) وELYgator (‏200) وUpHy Large (‏140) وأربع منشآت بقدرة 100 ميغاواط كهربائي."},"place":null,"url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","related":["wave-2026","wave-2029"],"facts":[{"value":280,"unit":"MWel — Clean Hydrogen Coastline, COD 2027","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 28, Figure 1.9","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"projection","scenario":"Announced commercial operation dates"},{"value":200,"unit":"MWel — ELYgator, COD 2027","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 28, Figure 1.9","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"projection","scenario":"Announced commercial operation dates"}]},{"id":"amgreen-uniper","date":"2028","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"projects","regions":["asia","europe"],"kind":"planned","title":{"en":"India–Germany: AM Green ammonia for Uniper","fr":"Inde–Allemagne : l’ammoniac d’AM Green pour Uniper","de":"Indien–Deutschland: Ammoniak von AM Green für Uniper","it":"India–Germania: l’ammoniaca di AM Green per Uniper","ar":"الهند–ألمانيا: أمونيا AM Green لشركة Uniper"},"description":{"en":"A long-term binding offtake of 500 kt of renewable ammonia a year (90 kt of hydrogen) from Kakinada, starting in 2028.","fr":"Un contrat d’enlèvement ferme à long terme de 500 kt d’ammoniac renouvelable par an (90 kt d’hydrogène) depuis Kakinada, à partir de 2028.","de":"Ein langfristiger verbindlicher Abnahmevertrag über 500 kt erneuerbares Ammoniak pro Jahr (90 kt Wasserstoff) aus Kakinada ab 2028.","it":"Un contratto di ritiro vincolante di lungo periodo per 500 kt l’anno di ammoniaca rinnovabile (90 kt di idrogeno) da Kakinada, dal 2028.","ar":"عقد شراء ملزم طويل الأجل لـ500 ألف طن سنوياً من الأمونيا المتجددة (90 ألف طن من الهيدروجين) من كاكينادا، اعتباراً من 2028."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2026","related":["india-nghm","india-deals"],"facts":[{"value":500,"unit":"ktpa ammonia (90 ktpa H2), binding offtake, 2028","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 144, Table 5.1","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"projection","scenario":"Offtake agreement"}]},{"id":"wave-2029","date":"2029","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"projects","regions":["europe"],"kind":"planned","title":{"en":"Spain’s large refinery electrolysers due online","fr":"Mise en service prévue des grands électrolyseurs espagnols","de":"Spaniens große Raffinerie-Elektrolyseure sollen starten","it":"Previsto l’avvio dei grandi elettrolizzatori spagnoli","ar":"موعد تشغيل المحللات الكهربائية الكبرى في مصافي إسبانيا"},"description":{"en":"Onuba (300 MWel), Basque Hydrogen Corridor and Cartagena (100 MWel each) target commercial operation in 2029, all for refining.","fr":"Onuba (300 MWel), le Basque Hydrogen Corridor et Carthagène (100 MWel chacun) visent une mise en service commerciale en 2029, tous pour le raffinage.","de":"Onuba (300 MWel), Basque Hydrogen Corridor und Cartagena (je 100 MWel) peilen den kommerziellen Betrieb 2029 an, alle für Raffinerien.","it":"Onuba (300 MWel), Basque Hydrogen Corridor e Cartagena (100 MWel ciascuno) puntano all’esercizio commerciale nel 2029, tutti per la raffinazione.","ar":"تستهدف مشاريع Onuba (‏300 ميغاواط كهربائي) وممر الهيدروجين الباسكي وقرطاجنة (‏100 لكل منهما) التشغيل التجاري في 2029، وجميعها للتكرير."},"place":null,"url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","related":["onuba-fid","wave-2027","eu-42"],"facts":[{"value":300,"unit":"MWel — Onuba, COD 2029","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 28, Figure 1.9","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"projection","scenario":"Announced commercial operation dates"}]},{"id":"blue-point","date":"2030","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"projects","regions":["americas","asia"],"kind":"planned","title":{"en":"US–Japan: Blue Point low-carbon ammonia","fr":"États-Unis–Japon : l’ammoniac bas carbone de Blue Point","de":"USA–Japan: kohlenstoffarmes Ammoniak von Blue Point","it":"Stati Uniti–Giappone: l’ammoniaca a basse emissioni di Blue Point","ar":"الولايات المتحدة–اليابان: أمونيا Blue Point منخفضة الكربون"},"description":{"en":"Offtakes of 500 kt of ammonia a year to JERA and 280 kt to Mitsui from 2030; Japan’s CfD scheme supports 772 kt of ammonia.","fr":"Contrats d’enlèvement de 500 kt d’ammoniac par an pour JERA et 280 kt pour Mitsui à partir de 2030 ; le dispositif japonais de CfD soutient 772 kt d’ammoniac.","de":"Abnahmeverträge über 500 kt Ammoniak pro Jahr für JERA und 280 kt für Mitsui ab 2030; Japans CfD-Programm fördert 772 kt Ammoniak.","it":"Contratti di ritiro di 500 kt l’anno di ammoniaca per JERA e 280 kt per Mitsui dal 2030; il sistema giapponese di CfD sostiene 772 kt di ammoniaca.","ar":"عقود شراء لـ500 ألف طن سنوياً من الأمونيا لصالح JERA و280 ألف طن لصالح Mitsui اعتباراً من 2030؛ ويدعم نظام عقود الفروقات الياباني 772 ألف طن من الأمونيا."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2026","related":["japan-cfd"],"facts":[{"value":500,"unit":"ktpa ammonia to JERA, 2030","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 144, Table 5.1","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"projection","scenario":"Offtake agreement"},{"value":280,"unit":"ktpa ammonia to Mitsui, 2030","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 144, Table 5.1","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"projection","scenario":"Offtake agreement"},{"value":772,"unit":"kt ammonia supported by Japan’s CfD scheme","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 209","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"nour","date":"2031","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"projects","regions":["africa"],"kind":"planned","title":{"en":"Mauritania: Project Nour phase 1","fr":"Mauritanie : phase 1 du projet Nour","de":"Mauretanien: Phase 1 von Project Nour","it":"Mauritania: fase 1 del progetto Nour","ar":"موريتانيا: المرحلة الأولى من مشروع نور"},"description":{"en":"Mapped by the IEA at 280 kt H₂ a year, at feasibility stage, with a 2031 start; the country’s two largest projects (20 Mt of ammonia) are on hold.","fr":"Recensée par l’AIE à 280 kt d’H₂ par an, au stade de la faisabilité, pour un démarrage en 2031 ; les deux plus grands projets du pays (20 Mt d’ammoniac) sont suspendus.","de":"Von der IEA mit 280 kt H₂ pro Jahr in der Machbarkeitsphase und Start 2031 geführt; die beiden größten Projekte des Landes (20 Mt Ammoniak) ruhen.","it":"Censita dall’AIE a 280 kt di H₂ l’anno, in fase di fattibilità, con avvio nel 2031; i due maggiori progetti del paese (20 Mt di ammoniaca) sono sospesi.","ar":"ترصدها الوكالة الدولية للطاقة بطاقة 280 ألف طن من الهيدروجين سنوياً في مرحلة دراسة الجدوى، مع بدء التشغيل في 2031؛ أما أكبر مشروعين في البلاد (20 مليون طن من الأمونيا) فمعلّقان."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/hydrogen-tracker","related":["notos"],"facts":[{"value":279.653,"unit":"kt H2/yr — Project Nour phase 1, feasibility, start 2031","source":"IEA — Hydrogen Tracker (Hydrogen Production and Infrastructure Projects Database, June 2026)","source_id":"iea_tracker","source_url":"https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/hydrogen-tracker","page_or_table":"Project ref. 1335","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"projection","scenario":"Announced start date"},{"value":20,"unit":"Mt ammonia — the two largest projects, put on hold","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 219","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"notos","date":"2032","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"projects","regions":["africa"],"kind":"planned","title":{"en":"Tunisia: H2 Notos phase 1","fr":"Tunisie : phase 1 de H2 Notos","de":"Tunesien: Phase 1 von H2 Notos","it":"Tunisia: fase 1 di H2 Notos","ar":"تونس: المرحلة الأولى من H2 Notos"},"description":{"en":"The most advanced Tunisian project, at feasibility stage: 339 kt H₂ a year with a 2032 start, designed for export through SoutH2.","fr":"Le projet tunisien le plus avancé, au stade de la faisabilité : 339 kt d’H₂ par an, démarrage en 2032, conçu pour l’export via SoutH2.","de":"Das am weitesten fortgeschrittene tunesische Projekt in der Machbarkeitsphase: 339 kt H₂ pro Jahr, Start 2032, ausgelegt für den Export über SoutH2.","it":"Il progetto tunisino più avanzato, in fase di fattibilità: 339 kt di H₂ l’anno, avvio nel 2032, pensato per l’export tramite SoutH2.","ar":"المشروع التونسي الأكثر تقدماً، في مرحلة دراسة الجدوى: 339 ألف طن من الهيدروجين سنوياً وبدء التشغيل في 2032، ومصمم للتصدير عبر SoutH2."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/hydrogen-tracker","related":["tn-strategy","south2-decl","tn-2050","elmed"],"facts":[{"value":338.974,"unit":"kt H2/yr — H2Notos phase 1, feasibility, start 2032","source":"IEA — Hydrogen Tracker (Hydrogen Production and Infrastructure Projects Database, June 2026)","source_id":"iea_tracker","source_url":"https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/hydrogen-tracker","page_or_table":"Project ref. 2815","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"projection","scenario":"Announced start date"}]},{"id":"h2med-pci","date":"2024-04-08","end":null,"date_precision":"day","lane":"infra","regions":["europe"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"H2Med enters the EU list of Projects of Common Interest","fr":"H2Med entre dans la liste des projets d’intérêt commun de l’UE","de":"H2Med auf der EU-Liste der Vorhaben von gemeinsamem Interesse","it":"H2Med entra nell’elenco UE dei progetti di interesse comune","ar":"إدراج H2Med في قائمة الاتحاد الأوروبي للمشاريع ذات المصلحة المشتركة"},"description":{"en":"The Iberian–French hydrogen corridor (CelZa and BarMar) gains PCI status, opening access to EU funding and faster permitting.","fr":"Le corridor ibéro-français (CelZa et BarMar) obtient le statut PIC, qui ouvre l’accès aux financements européens et à des procédures accélérées.","de":"Der iberisch-französische Korridor (CelZa und BarMar) erhält den PCI-Status, der EU-Mittel und schnellere Genehmigungen ermöglicht.","it":"Il corridoio iberico-francese (CelZa e BarMar) ottiene lo status di PIC, con accesso ai fondi UE e autorizzazioni più rapide.","ar":"يحصل الممر الإيبيري–الفرنسي (CelZa وBarMar) على صفة المشروع ذي المصلحة المشتركة، ما يتيح التمويل الأوروبي وتسريع التراخيص."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.natrangroupe.com/sites/default/files/h2/h2med-presentation-february2026.pdf","related":["h2med-2032","de-core"],"facts":[{"value":"2024-04-08","unit":"included in the EU list of Projects of Common Interest","source":"NaTran — H2Med project presentation (February 2026)","source_id":"natran_h2med_2026","source_url":"https://www.natrangroupe.com/sites/default/files/h2/h2med-presentation-february2026.pdf","page_or_table":"H2Med presentation","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"Document public — chiffres cités avec attribution","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"de-core","date":"2024-10-22","end":null,"date_precision":"day","lane":"infra","regions":["europe"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"Germany approves its hydrogen core network","fr":"L’Allemagne approuve son réseau central d’hydrogène","de":"Deutschland genehmigt das Wasserstoff-Kernnetz","it":"La Germania approva la rete centrale dell’idrogeno","ar":"ألمانيا تعتمد شبكتها الأساسية للهيدروجين"},"description":{"en":"The Bundesnetzagentur approves a 9 040 km core network, about 60 % repurposed gas pipelines, to be in operation by 2032.","fr":"La Bundesnetzagentur approuve un réseau central de 9 040 km, dont environ 60 % de gazoducs reconvertis, opérationnel d’ici 2032.","de":"Die Bundesnetzagentur genehmigt ein 9 040 km langes Kernnetz, zu rund 60 % umgestellte Gasleitungen, das bis 2032 in Betrieb gehen soll.","it":"La Bundesnetzagentur approva una rete centrale di 9 040 km, per circa il 60 % gasdotti riconvertiti, operativa entro il 2032.","ar":"وافقت الوكالة الاتحادية للشبكات على شبكة أساسية بطول 9040 كم، نحو 60 % منها خطوط غاز معاد تأهيلها، على أن تعمل بحلول 2032."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/EN/Areas/Energy/HydrogenCoreNetwork/start.html","related":["de-core-2032","de-repurposing","mosahyc","h2med-pci","south2-decl"],"facts":[{"value":9040,"unit":"km, about 60% repurposed, approved 22 Oct. 2024, operation by 2032","source":"Bundesnetzagentur — Hydrogen core network","source_id":"bnetza_core","source_url":"https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/EN/Areas/Energy/HydrogenCoreNetwork/start.html","page_or_table":"Hydrogen core network page","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"Information publique","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"de-repurposing","date":"2025","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"infra","regions":["europe"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"Germany completes the world’s longest pipeline repurposing","fr":"L’Allemagne achève la plus longue reconversion de gazoduc au monde","de":"Deutschland schließt die weltweit längste Umstellung einer Gasleitung ab","it":"La Germania completa la più lunga riconversione di gasdotto al mondo","ar":"ألمانيا تُنجز أطول تحويل لخط غاز في العالم"},"description":{"en":"A natural gas pipeline converted to hydrogen — the longest such repurposing worldwide — as part of the core network.","fr":"Un gazoduc reconverti à l’hydrogène — la plus longue reconversion de ce type au monde — dans le cadre du réseau central.","de":"Eine auf Wasserstoff umgestellte Erdgasleitung – die weltweit längste Umstellung dieser Art – als Teil des Kernnetzes.","it":"Un gasdotto riconvertito all’idrogeno — la più lunga riconversione di questo tipo al mondo — nell’ambito della rete centrale.","ar":"خط غاز طبيعي حُوّل إلى الهيدروجين — أطول عملية تحويل من نوعها في العالم — ضمن الشبكة الأساسية."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2026","related":["de-core","china-pipeline"],"facts":[{"value":2025,"unit":"Germany completed the world’s longest repurposing of a natural gas pipeline","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 141 (Chapter 5 highlights)","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"china-pipeline","date":"2025","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"infra","regions":["asia"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"China starts building the world’s longest hydrogen pipeline","fr":"La Chine lance le plus long hydrogénoduc du monde","de":"China baut die längste Wasserstoffleitung der Welt","it":"La Cina avvia il più lungo idrogenodotto del mondo","ar":"الصين تبدأ بناء أطول خط أنابيب للهيدروجين في العالم"},"description":{"en":"Construction began in 2025; with Europe, China concentrates the operational and committed hydrogen pipeline projects.","fr":"Le chantier a démarré en 2025 ; avec l’Europe, la Chine concentre les projets d’hydrogénoducs en service ou engagés.","de":"Baubeginn 2025; zusammen mit Europa konzentriert China die in Betrieb befindlichen und zugesagten Wasserstoffleitungen.","it":"Il cantiere è partito nel 2025; insieme all’Europa, la Cina concentra i progetti di idrogenodotti operativi o impegnati.","ar":"بدأ البناء في 2025؛ وتستأثر الصين مع أوروبا بمشاريع خطوط الهيدروجين العاملة أو الملتزم بها."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2026","related":["de-repurposing","china-clusters"],"facts":[{"value":2025,"unit":"China began construction of the world’s longest hydrogen pipeline","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 141 (Chapter 5 highlights)","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"kawasaki-terminal","date":"2025-11","end":null,"date_precision":"month","lane":"infra","regions":["asia"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"Japan: construction starts on the first commercial LH₂ terminal","fr":"Japon : début du chantier du premier terminal commercial d’H₂ liquide","de":"Japan: Bau des ersten kommerziellen LH₂-Terminals beginnt","it":"Giappone: al via il primo terminale commerciale di H₂ liquido","ar":"اليابان: بدء بناء أول محطة تجارية للهيدروجين المسال"},"description":{"en":"Kawasaki Heavy Industries starts the world’s first commercial-scale liquefied-hydrogen terminal (50 000 m³ tank, about 3.5 kt H₂), due by 2030.","fr":"Kawasaki Heavy Industries lance le premier terminal d’hydrogène liquéfié à l’échelle commerciale (cuve de 50 000 m³, environ 3,5 kt d’H₂), prévu d’ici 2030.","de":"Kawasaki Heavy Industries beginnt das weltweit erste Flüssigwasserstoff-Terminal im kommerziellen Maßstab (50 000-m³-Tank, rund 3,5 kt H₂), fertig bis 2030.","it":"Kawasaki Heavy Industries avvia il primo terminale di idrogeno liquefatto su scala commerciale (serbatoio da 50 000 m³, circa 3,5 kt di H₂), previsto entro il 2030.","ar":"بدأت Kawasaki Heavy Industries بناء أول محطة للهيدروجين المسال على نطاق تجاري في العالم (خزان سعته 50 ألف متر مكعب، نحو 3.5 ألف طن من الهيدروجين)، على أن تكتمل بحلول 2030."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2026","related":["suiso","lh2-carrier","japan-cfd"],"facts":[{"value":50000,"unit":"m³ LH2 storage tank (~3.5 kt H2), construction started Nov. 2025, completion by 2030","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 160","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"nl-network","date":"2026-05","end":null,"date_precision":"month","lane":"infra","regions":["europe"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"Netherlands: first 32 km of the national hydrogen network","fr":"Pays-Bas : les 32 premiers km du réseau national d’hydrogène","de":"Niederlande: die ersten 32 km des nationalen Wasserstoffnetzes","it":"Paesi Bassi: i primi 32 km della rete nazionale dell’idrogeno","ar":"هولندا: أول 32 كم من الشبكة الوطنية للهيدروجين"},"description":{"en":"Gasunie’s subsidiary Hynetwork inaugurates the first section; Europe has about 550 km of operational hydrogen pipelines, 506 km of them in Germany.","fr":"Hynetwork, filiale de Gasunie, inaugure le premier tronçon ; l’Europe compte environ 550 km d’hydrogénoducs en service, dont 506 km en Allemagne.","de":"Die Gasunie-Tochter Hynetwork eröffnet den ersten Abschnitt; Europa hat rund 550 km Wasserstoffleitungen in Betrieb, 506 km davon in Deutschland.","it":"Hynetwork, controllata di Gasunie, inaugura il primo tratto; l’Europa conta circa 550 km di idrogenodotti in esercizio, di cui 506 km in Germania.","ar":"تفتتح Hynetwork، التابعة لشركة Gasunie، المقطع الأول؛ وتضم أوروبا نحو 550 كم من خطوط الهيدروجين العاملة، منها 506 كم في ألمانيا."},"place":null,"url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","related":["de-core","ehb-2040"],"facts":[{"value":32,"unit":"km — first section of the Dutch national hydrogen network, inaugurated May 2026","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 48","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"historical"},{"value":550,"unit":"km operational hydrogen pipelines in Europe (approx.), Germany 506 km","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 48","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"mosahyc","date":"2026-07","end":null,"date_precision":"quarter","lane":"infra","regions":["europe"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"MosaHYc: construction starts","fr":"MosaHYc : début des travaux","de":"MosaHYc: Baubeginn","it":"MosaHYc: inizio dei lavori","ar":"MosaHYc: انطلاق الأشغال"},"description":{"en":"The 94 km France–Luxembourg–Germany pipeline (17 km new, 70 km repurposed on the German side) starts construction in summer 2026 for operation in 2029.","fr":"Le pipeline France–Luxembourg–Allemagne de 94 km (17 km neufs et 70 km reconvertis côté allemand) entre en chantier à l’été 2026, pour une mise en service en 2029.","de":"Die 94 km lange Leitung Frankreich–Luxemburg–Deutschland (deutscherseits 17 km neu, 70 km umgestellt) geht im Sommer 2026 in Bau; Betrieb 2029.","it":"Il gasdotto Francia–Lussemburgo–Germania di 94 km (17 km nuovi e 70 km riconvertiti sul lato tedesco) entra in costruzione nell’estate 2026, per l’esercizio nel 2029.","ar":"يبدأ بناء خط فرنسا–لوكسمبورغ–ألمانيا بطول 94 كم (‏17 كم جديدة و70 كم معاد تأهيلها في الجانب الألماني) في صيف 2026، على أن يعمل في 2029."},"place":null,"url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","related":["de-core","h2med-2032","de-core-2032"],"facts":[{"value":94,"unit":"km — MosaHYc (FR–LU–DE), construction started summer 2026, COD 2029","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 47, Figure 3.5","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"historical"},{"value":70,"unit":"km repurposed + 17 km new (German side), under construction by Creos Deutschland","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 48","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"dhb1","date":"2026-12","end":null,"date_precision":"month","lane":"infra","regions":["europe"],"kind":"planned","title":{"en":"Denmark: capacity-booking deadline for the hydrogen backbone","fr":"Danemark : date limite de réservation de capacité du réseau hydrogène","de":"Dänemark: Frist für Kapazitätsbuchungen im Wasserstoffnetz","it":"Danimarca: termine per le prenotazioni di capacità della rete idrogeno","ar":"الدنمارك: الموعد النهائي لحجز السعات في العمود الفقري للهيدروجين"},"description":{"en":"Energinet needs at least 500 MW of firm injection commitments by December 2026; if met, FID in 2028 and a 3 GW pipeline to Germany from 2031.","fr":"Energinet doit obtenir au moins 500 MW d’engagements fermes d’injection d’ici décembre 2026 ; si c’est le cas, DFI en 2028 et un pipeline de 3 GW vers l’Allemagne dès 2031.","de":"Energinet benötigt bis Dezember 2026 mindestens 500 MW feste Einspeisezusagen; dann FID 2028 und eine 3-GW-Leitung nach Deutschland ab 2031.","it":"Energinet deve ottenere almeno 500 MW di impegni fermi di immissione entro dicembre 2026; se raggiunti, FID nel 2028 e un gasdotto da 3 GW verso la Germania dal 2031.","ar":"تحتاج Energinet إلى التزامات حقن ثابتة لا تقل عن 500 ميغاواط بحلول ديسمبر 2026؛ وإن تحقق ذلك فقرار الاستثمار في 2028 وخط بقدرة 3 غيغاواط إلى ألمانيا اعتباراً من 2031."},"place":null,"url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","related":["de-core","nbhc"],"facts":[{"value":500,"unit":"MW firm injection commitments required by Dec. 2026 (DHB1); FID 2028; operation 2031","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 48","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"projection","scenario":"Conditional on the booking target"}]},{"id":"elmed","date":"2028-12-31","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"infra","regions":["africa","europe"],"kind":"deadline","title":{"en":"Deadline: ELMED enters service","fr":"Échéance : mise en service d’ELMED","de":"Frist: Inbetriebnahme von ELMED","it":"Scadenza: entrata in servizio di ELMED","ar":"موعد: دخول ELMED الخدمة"},"description":{"en":"The 600 MW electricity interconnection between Tunisia and Sicily is scheduled for the end of 2028.","fr":"L’interconnexion électrique de 600 MW entre la Tunisie et la Sicile est programmée pour la fin 2028.","de":"Die 600-MW-Stromverbindung zwischen Tunesien und Sizilien ist für Ende 2028 geplant.","it":"L’interconnessione elettrica da 600 MW tra Tunisia e Sicilia è prevista per la fine del 2028.","ar":"الربط الكهربائي بقدرة 600 ميغاواط بين تونس وصقلية مقرر لنهاية 2028."},"place":null,"url":"https://elmedproject.com/","related":["tn-strategy","south2-decl","notos"],"facts":[{"value":600,"unit":"MW Tunisia–Sicily interconnection, scheduled end-2028","source":"La Presse de Tunisie — ELMED : le câble sous-marin avec l'Italie…","source_id":"lapresse_elmed_2026","source_url":"https://www.lapresse.tn/2026/07/17/elmed-le-cable-sous-marin-avec-litalie-peut-il-mettre-fin-aux-coupures-delectricite-en-tunisie/","page_or_table":"Article of 17 July 2026","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"Article public — chiffres cités avec attribution","kind":"projection","scenario":"Announced schedule"}]},{"id":"mosahyc-cod","date":"2029","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"infra","regions":["europe"],"kind":"planned","title":{"en":"MosaHYc in operation","fr":"MosaHYc en service","de":"MosaHYc in Betrieb","it":"MosaHYc in esercizio","ar":"MosaHYc قيد التشغيل"},"description":{"en":"Target date for the first cross-border hydrogen pipeline between France, Luxembourg and Germany.","fr":"Date cible du premier hydrogénoduc transfrontalier entre la France, le Luxembourg et l’Allemagne.","de":"Zieltermin für die erste grenzüberschreitende Wasserstoffleitung zwischen Frankreich, Luxemburg und Deutschland.","it":"Data obiettivo del primo idrogenodotto transfrontaliero tra Francia, Lussemburgo e Germania.","ar":"الموعد المستهدف لأول خط هيدروجين عابر للحدود بين فرنسا ولوكسمبورغ وألمانيا."},"place":null,"url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","related":["mosahyc","de-core-2032"],"facts":[{"value":2029,"unit":"COD — MosaHYc","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 47, Figure 3.5","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"projection","scenario":"Announced commercial operation date"}]},{"id":"h2med-2032","date":"2032","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"infra","regions":["europe"],"kind":"planned","title":{"en":"H2Med (BarMar) target date","fr":"Date cible d’H2Med (BarMar)","de":"Zieltermin von H2Med (BarMar)","it":"Data obiettivo di H2Med (BarMar)","ar":"الموعد المستهدف لـ H2Med (BarMar)"},"description":{"en":"The Barcelona–Marseille subsea link (about 400 km, up to 2 Mt H₂ a year) targets commercial operation in 2032.","fr":"La liaison sous-marine Barcelone–Marseille (environ 400 km, jusqu’à 2 Mt d’H₂ par an) vise une mise en service commerciale en 2032.","de":"Die Unterseeverbindung Barcelona–Marseille (rund 400 km, bis zu 2 Mt H₂ pro Jahr) soll 2032 in Betrieb gehen.","it":"Il collegamento sottomarino Barcellona–Marsiglia (circa 400 km, fino a 2 Mt di H₂ l’anno) punta all’esercizio commerciale nel 2032.","ar":"يستهدف الربط البحري بين برشلونة ومرسيليا (نحو 400 كم، حتى 2 مليون طن من الهيدروجين سنوياً) التشغيل التجاري في 2032."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.natrangroupe.com/sites/default/files/h2/h2med-presentation-february2026.pdf","related":["h2med-pci","de-core-2032","mosahyc-cod"],"facts":[{"value":2032,"unit":"commercial operation date (target)","source":"NaTran — H2Med project presentation (February 2026)","source_id":"natran_h2med_2026","source_url":"https://www.natrangroupe.com/sites/default/files/h2/h2med-presentation-february2026.pdf","page_or_table":"H2Med presentation, timeline","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"Document public — chiffres cités avec attribution","kind":"projection","scenario":"Project timeline"},{"value":2,"unit":"Mt H2/yr maximum capacity","source":"NaTran — H2Med project presentation (February 2026)","source_id":"natran_h2med_2026","source_url":"https://www.natrangroupe.com/sites/default/files/h2/h2med-presentation-february2026.pdf","page_or_table":"H2Med presentation","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"Document public — chiffres cités avec attribution","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"de-core-2032","date":"2032","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"infra","regions":["europe"],"kind":"planned","title":{"en":"Germany’s core network due to be complete","fr":"Achèvement prévu du réseau central allemand","de":"Fertigstellung des deutschen Kernnetzes geplant","it":"Completamento previsto della rete centrale tedesca","ar":"موعد اكتمال الشبكة الأساسية الألمانية"},"description":{"en":"The 9 040 km hydrogen core network is to be fully in operation by 2032.","fr":"Le réseau central de 9 040 km doit être entièrement en service d’ici 2032.","de":"Das 9 040 km lange Wasserstoff-Kernnetz soll bis 2032 vollständig in Betrieb sein.","it":"La rete centrale di 9 040 km deve essere pienamente operativa entro il 2032.","ar":"يُفترض أن تعمل الشبكة الأساسية للهيدروجين بطول 9040 كم بالكامل بحلول 2032."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/EN/Areas/Energy/HydrogenCoreNetwork/start.html","related":["de-core","h2med-2032","mosahyc-cod"],"facts":[{"value":2032,"unit":"operation of the 9,040 km core network","source":"Bundesnetzagentur — Hydrogen core network","source_id":"bnetza_core","source_url":"https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/EN/Areas/Energy/HydrogenCoreNetwork/start.html","page_or_table":"Hydrogen core network page","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"Information publique","kind":"projection","scenario":"Approved network plan"}]},{"id":"nbhc","date":"2033","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"infra","regions":["europe"],"kind":"planned","title":{"en":"Nordic–Baltic Hydrogen Corridor: tentative start","fr":"Corridor nordique-balte : mise en service envisagée","de":"Nordisch-baltischer Wasserstoffkorridor: geplanter Start","it":"Corridoio nordico-baltico: avvio ipotizzato","ar":"ممر الهيدروجين الشمالي–البلطيقي: موعد تشغيل مبدئي"},"description":{"en":"From Finland to Germany via the Baltic states and Poland; market testing points to 79.2 TWh of flows by 2040 (87 % of capacity).","fr":"De la Finlande à l’Allemagne via les pays baltes et la Pologne ; le test de marché indique 79,2 TWh de flux en 2040 (87 % de la capacité).","de":"Von Finnland über das Baltikum und Polen nach Deutschland; der Markttest ergibt 79,2 TWh Flüsse bis 2040 (87 % der Kapazität).","it":"Dalla Finlandia alla Germania attraverso i paesi baltici e la Polonia; il test di mercato indica 79,2 TWh di flussi al 2040 (87 % della capacità).","ar":"من فنلندا إلى ألمانيا عبر دول البلطيق وبولندا؛ ويشير اختبار السوق إلى تدفقات بـ79.2 تيراواط ساعة بحلول 2040 (‏87 % من السعة)."},"place":null,"url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","related":["dhb1","ehb-2040"],"facts":[{"value":2033,"unit":"tentative commissioning (NBHC)","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 48","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"projection","scenario":"Tentative project timeline"},{"value":79.2,"unit":"TWh expected annual flows by 2040 (87% of capacity)","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 48","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"projection","scenario":"2025 call for interest"}]},{"id":"ehb-2040","date":"2040","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"infra","regions":["europe"],"kind":"deadline","title":{"en":"European Hydrogen Backbone vision","fr":"Vision du European Hydrogen Backbone","de":"Vision des European Hydrogen Backbone","it":"Visione della European Hydrogen Backbone","ar":"رؤية العمود الفقري الأوروبي للهيدروجين"},"description":{"en":"The gas grid operators’ vision, updated in 2024: 58 000 km of hydrogen pipelines by 2040, about 60 % repurposed (53 000 km in the 2022 edition).","fr":"La vision des gestionnaires de réseaux de gaz, mise à jour en 2024 : 58 000 km d’hydrogénoducs en 2040, dont environ 60 % reconvertis (53 000 km dans l’édition de 2022).","de":"Die Vision der Gasnetzbetreiber, aktualisiert 2024: 58 000 km Wasserstoffleitungen bis 2040, rund 60 % umgestellt (53 000 km in der Ausgabe von 2022).","it":"La visione dei gestori delle reti gas, aggiornata nel 2024: 58 000 km di idrogenodotti al 2040, per circa il 60 % riconvertiti (53 000 km nell’edizione 2022).","ar":"رؤية مشغّلي شبكات الغاز، المحدّثة في 2024: 58 ألف كم من خطوط الهيدروجين بحلول 2040، نحو 60 % منها معاد تأهيلها (53 ألف كم في نسخة 2022)."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.gie.eu/press/european-hydrogen-backbone-boosting-eu-resilience-and-competitiveness/","related":["nl-network","nbhc","de-core"],"facts":[{"value":58000,"unit":"km by 2040, about 60% repurposed","source":"Gas Infrastructure Europe — European Hydrogen Backbone: boosting EU resilience and competitiveness (press release)","source_id":"gie_ehb_2024","source_url":"https://www.gie.eu/press/european-hydrogen-backbone-boosting-eu-resilience-and-competitiveness/","page_or_table":"Press release of 20 Nov. 2024","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"Communiqué public — chiffres cités avec attribution","kind":"target"},{"value":53000,"unit":"km by 2040 (2022 edition)","source":"European Hydrogen Backbone — A European hydrogen infrastructure vision covering 28 countries (April 2022)","source_id":"ehb_2022","source_url":"https://new2024-owa-mnx.oge.net/_Resources/Persistent/1/0/2/5/10258774180f2df8e5297c47195c9b000fc5618e/2022-04-05_Report_EHB_final.pdf","page_or_table":"Report of 5 April 2022","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"Rapport public — chiffres cités avec attribution","kind":"target"}]},{"id":"ehb-1","date":"2023","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"finance","regions":["europe"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"European Hydrogen Bank: first auction","fr":"Banque européenne de l’hydrogène : première enchère","de":"Europäische Wasserstoffbank: erste Auktion","it":"Banca europea dell’idrogeno: prima asta","ar":"بنك الهيدروجين الأوروبي: المزاد الأول"},"description":{"en":"The pilot auction funds six renewable hydrogen production projects.","fr":"L’enchère pilote finance six projets de production d’hydrogène renouvelable.","de":"Die Pilotauktion fördert sechs Projekte zur Erzeugung von erneuerbarem Wasserstoff.","it":"L’asta pilota finanzia sei progetti di produzione di idrogeno rinnovabile.","ar":"يموّل المزاد التجريبي ستة مشاريع لإنتاج الهيدروجين المتجدد."},"place":null,"url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","related":["ehb-2","repowereu"],"facts":[{"value":6,"unit":"projects funded (2023 auction)","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 64, Figure 5.4","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"ehb-2","date":"2024","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"finance","regions":["europe"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"European Hydrogen Bank: second auction","fr":"Banque européenne de l’hydrogène : deuxième enchère","de":"Europäische Wasserstoffbank: zweite Auktion","it":"Banca europea dell’idrogeno: seconda asta","ar":"بنك الهيدروجين الأوروبي: المزاد الثاني"},"description":{"en":"13 projects funded, including two through Austria’s auctions-as-a-service; over the first two rounds only half of the EUR 2 billion was allocated.","fr":"13 projets financés, dont deux via les enchères en tant que service de l’Autriche ; sur les deux premiers tours, seule la moitié des 2 milliards d’euros a été attribuée.","de":"13 Projekte gefördert, davon zwei über Österreichs Auctions-as-a-Service; in den ersten beiden Runden wurde nur die Hälfte der 2 Mrd. EUR vergeben.","it":"13 progetti finanziati, di cui due tramite le aste come servizio dell’Austria; nei primi due turni è stata assegnata solo la metà dei 2 miliardi di euro.","ar":"تمويل 13 مشروعاً، منها اثنان عبر آلية المزاد كخدمة النمساوية؛ ولم يُخصَّص في الجولتين الأوليين سوى نصف الملياري يورو."},"place":null,"url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","related":["ehb-1","ehb-3"],"facts":[{"value":13,"unit":"projects funded (2024 auction)","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 64, Figure 5.4","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"historical"},{"value":2,"unit":"EUR billion available over the first two auctions, half allocated","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 64","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"ehb-3","date":"2025","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"finance","regions":["europe"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"European Hydrogen Bank: third auction","fr":"Banque européenne de l’hydrogène : troisième enchère","de":"Europäische Wasserstoffbank: dritte Auktion","it":"Banca europea dell’idrogeno: terza asta","ar":"بنك الهيدروجين الأوروبي: المزاد الثالث"},"description":{"en":"EUR 3.1 billion made available including auctions-as-a-service; in all, 19 projects have been awarded EUR 1.3 billion for 2.1 GWel of capacity.","fr":"3,1 milliards d’euros mis à disposition, enchères en tant que service comprises ; au total, 19 projets ont obtenu 1,3 milliard d’euros pour 2,1 GWel de capacités.","de":"3,1 Mrd. EUR einschließlich Auctions-as-a-Service; insgesamt erhielten 19 Projekte 1,3 Mrd. EUR für 2,1 GWel Kapazität.","it":"3,1 miliardi di euro messi a disposizione, aste come servizio comprese; in tutto 19 progetti hanno ottenuto 1,3 miliardi di euro per 2,1 GWel di capacità.","ar":"إتاحة 3.1 مليار يورو بما فيها آلية المزاد كخدمة؛ وفي المجمل حصل 19 مشروعاً على 1.3 مليار يورو لقدرة تبلغ 2.1 غيغاواط كهربائي."},"place":null,"url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","related":["ehb-2","ehb-bids","ehb-4","onuba-fid"],"facts":[{"value":3.1,"unit":"EUR billion available in the 3rd auction (incl. AaaS)","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 64","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"historical"},{"value":19,"unit":"projects awarded EUR 1.3 bn in total (2.1 GWel)","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 64","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"capex-2025","date":"2025","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"finance","regions":["global"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"Investment nearly doubles, but new FIDs fall","fr":"L’investissement double presque, mais les DFI reculent","de":"Investitionen verdoppeln sich fast, neue FIDs gehen zurück","it":"Gli investimenti quasi raddoppiano, ma le FID calano","ar":"الاستثمار يكاد يتضاعف لكن قرارات الاستثمار الجديدة تتراجع"},"description":{"en":"Capital spending on low-emissions hydrogen reached nearly USD 7 billion in 2025, while new FIDs fell below 0.8 Mtpa (−20 %).","fr":"Les dépenses d’investissement dans l’hydrogène bas carbone ont atteint près de 7 milliards USD en 2025, tandis que les nouvelles DFI sont tombées sous 0,8 Mtpa (−20 %).","de":"Die Investitionsausgaben für emissionsarmen Wasserstoff erreichten 2025 fast 7 Mrd. USD, während neue FIDs unter 0,8 Mt/Jahr fielen (−20 %).","it":"La spesa in conto capitale per l’idrogeno a basse emissioni ha raggiunto quasi 7 miliardi di USD nel 2025, mentre le nuove FID sono scese sotto 0,8 Mtpa (−20 %).","ar":"بلغ الإنفاق الرأسمالي على الهيدروجين منخفض الانبعاثات نحو 7 مليارات دولار في 2025، بينما تراجعت قرارات الاستثمار النهائية الجديدة إلى أقل من 0.8 مليون طن سنوياً (‏−20 %)."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2026","related":["compass-2026","electrolysis-4gw"],"facts":[{"value":7,"unit":"USD billion capital spending (2025, nearly)","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 169 (Chapter 6 highlights)","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"},{"value":0.8,"unit":"Mtpa new FIDs in 2025 (below)","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 81","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"compass-2026","date":"2026-06","end":null,"date_precision":"month","lane":"finance","regions":["global"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"USD 130 billion of committed clean hydrogen investment","fr":"130 milliards USD d’investissements engagés dans l’hydrogène propre","de":"130 Mrd. USD zugesagte Investitionen in sauberen Wasserstoff","it":"130 miliardi di USD di investimenti impegnati nell’idrogeno pulito","ar":"130 مليار دولار من الاستثمارات الملتزم بها في الهيدروجين النظيف"},"description":{"en":"The Hydrogen Council counts 579 projects at FID, under construction or operating, and 6.9 Mtpa of committed capacity.","fr":"Le Hydrogen Council recense 579 projets en DFI, en construction ou en service, et 6,9 Mtpa de capacités engagées.","de":"Der Hydrogen Council zählt 579 Projekte mit FID, im Bau oder in Betrieb, und 6,9 Mt/Jahr zugesagte Kapazität.","it":"L’Hydrogen Council conta 579 progetti con FID, in costruzione o in esercizio, e 6,9 Mtpa di capacità impegnata.","ar":"يحصي مجلس الهيدروجين 579 مشروعاً بلغت قرار الاستثمار النهائي أو قيد الإنشاء أو التشغيل، و6.9 مليون طن سنوياً من القدرات الملتزم بها."},"place":null,"url":"https://compass.hydrogencouncil.com/","related":["capex-2025"],"facts":[{"value":130,"unit":"USD billion committed (FID+)","source":"Hydrogen Council — Global Hydrogen Compass 2026","source_id":"hc_compass_2026","source_url":"https://compass.hydrogencouncil.com/","page_or_table":"Global key figures","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Council — chiffres cités avec attribution","kind":"historical"},{"value":579,"unit":"projects (FID+)","source":"Hydrogen Council — Global Hydrogen Compass 2026","source_id":"hc_compass_2026","source_url":"https://compass.hydrogencouncil.com/","page_or_table":"Global key figures","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Council — chiffres cités avec attribution","kind":"historical"},{"value":6.9,"unit":"Mtpa committed capacity","source":"Hydrogen Council — Global Hydrogen Compass 2026","source_id":"hc_compass_2026","source_url":"https://compass.hydrogencouncil.com/","page_or_table":"Global key figures","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Council — chiffres cités avec attribution","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"ehb-4","date":"2026-11","end":null,"date_precision":"month","lane":"finance","regions":["europe"],"kind":"planned","title":{"en":"European Hydrogen Bank: fourth auction","fr":"Banque européenne de l’hydrogène : quatrième enchère","de":"Europäische Wasserstoffbank: vierte Auktion","it":"Banca europea dell’idrogeno: quarta asta","ar":"بنك الهيدروجين الأوروبي: المزاد الرابع"},"description":{"en":"Expected to open in November 2026 with an initial EU budget of EUR 500 million.","fr":"Ouverture attendue en novembre 2026, avec un budget européen initial de 500 millions d’euros.","de":"Start im November 2026 erwartet, mit einem anfänglichen EU-Budget von 500 Mio. EUR.","it":"Apertura attesa a novembre 2026, con un budget UE iniziale di 500 milioni di euro.","ar":"يُتوقع إطلاقه في نوفمبر 2026 بميزانية أوروبية أولية قدرها 500 مليون يورو."},"place":null,"url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","related":["ehb-3","ehw-2026","eu-20mt"],"facts":[{"value":500,"unit":"EUR million initial EU budget (4th auction, expected Nov. 2026)","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 64","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"projection","scenario":"Announced"}]},{"id":"tosyali","date":"2024-10","end":null,"date_precision":"quarter","lane":"tech","regions":["africa"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"Algeria: first commercial hydrogen-ready DRI plant","fr":"Algérie : première usine commerciale de fer de réduction prête pour l’hydrogène","de":"Algerien: erste kommerzielle wasserstofffähige DRI-Anlage","it":"Algeria: primo impianto commerciale DRI pronto per l’idrogeno","ar":"الجزائر: أول مصنع تجاري للحديد المختزل جاهز للهيدروجين"},"description":{"en":"A MIDREX Flex plant enters operation in late 2024 at Tosyali’s 2.5 Mtpa site; it can move progressively from natural gas to 100 % hydrogen.","fr":"Une usine MIDREX Flex entre en service fin 2024 sur le site de Tosyali (2,5 Mtpa) ; elle peut passer progressivement du gaz naturel à 100 % d’hydrogène.","de":"Eine MIDREX-Flex-Anlage geht Ende 2024 am 2,5-Mt-Standort von Tosyali in Betrieb; sie kann schrittweise von Erdgas auf 100 % Wasserstoff umgestellt werden.","it":"Un impianto MIDREX Flex entra in esercizio a fine 2024 nel sito Tosyali da 2,5 Mtpa; può passare gradualmente dal gas naturale al 100 % di idrogeno.","ar":"يدخل مصنع MIDREX Flex الخدمة أواخر 2024 في موقع Tosyali بطاقة 2.5 مليون طن سنوياً؛ ويمكنه الانتقال تدريجياً من الغاز الطبيعي إلى 100 % من الهيدروجين."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2026","related":["oshivela"],"facts":[{"value":2.5,"unit":"Mtpa — first commercial MIDREX Flex plant, Tosyali (Algeria), late 2024","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 190","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"electrolysis-4gw","date":"2025","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"tech","regions":["global","asia"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"Global electrolysis capacity doubles to over 4 GW","fr":"La capacité mondiale d’électrolyse double, à plus de 4 GW","de":"Weltweite Elektrolysekapazität verdoppelt sich auf über 4 GW","it":"La capacità mondiale di elettrolisi raddoppia, oltre 4 GW","ar":"قدرة التحليل الكهربائي العالمية تتضاعف إلى أكثر من 4 غيغاواط"},"description":{"en":"China accounts for nearly three-quarters of new installations; low-emissions hydrogen production nears 1 Mt (+20 %) and should pass 1 % of global output in 2026.","fr":"La Chine réalise près des trois quarts des nouvelles installations ; la production d’hydrogène bas carbone approche 1 Mt (+20 %) et devrait dépasser 1 % de la production mondiale en 2026.","de":"China stellt fast drei Viertel der neuen Anlagen; die emissionsarme Wasserstoffproduktion nähert sich 1 Mt (+20 %) und dürfte 2026 1 % der Weltproduktion übersteigen.","it":"La Cina realizza quasi tre quarti delle nuove installazioni; la produzione di idrogeno a basse emissioni si avvicina a 1 Mt (+20 %) e dovrebbe superare l’1 % della produzione mondiale nel 2026.","ar":"تستأثر الصين بنحو ثلاثة أرباع المنشآت الجديدة؛ ويقترب إنتاج الهيدروجين منخفض الانبعاثات من مليون طن (‏+20 %) ويُتوقع أن يتجاوز 1 % من الإنتاج العالمي في 2026."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2026","related":["china-orders","wave-2026","capex-2025"],"facts":[{"value":4,"unit":"GW installed electrolysis, end-2025 (more than)","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 12 and p. 81","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"},{"value":1,"unit":"Mt low-emissions H2 production in 2025 (almost)","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 11 and p. 81","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"china-orders","date":"2025","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"tech","regions":["asia"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"Chinese manufacturers secure 4.7 GW of orders","fr":"Les fabricants chinois engrangent 4,7 GW de commandes","de":"Chinesische Hersteller sichern sich 4,7 GW Aufträge","it":"I produttori cinesi ottengono 4,7 GW di ordini","ar":"المصنّعون الصينيون يحصلون على طلبيات بـ4.7 غيغاواط"},"description":{"en":"Mainly for domestic delivery; with consolidation under way at home, many Chinese electrolyser makers look to markets abroad.","fr":"Surtout pour le marché intérieur ; face à la consolidation en cours en Chine, de nombreux fabricants d’électrolyseurs se tournent vers l’export.","de":"Vor allem für den Inlandsmarkt; angesichts der Konsolidierung in China suchen viele Elektrolyseurhersteller Märkte im Ausland.","it":"Soprattutto per il mercato interno; con il consolidamento in corso in Cina, molti produttori di elettrolizzatori guardano ai mercati esteri.","ar":"أساساً للسوق المحلية؛ ومع موجة الاندماج الجارية في الصين يتجه كثير من مصنّعي المحللات الكهربائية إلى الأسواق الخارجية."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2026","related":["electrolysis-4gw","china-clusters","china-standard"],"facts":[{"value":4.7,"unit":"GW electrolyser orders secured in 2025","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 101","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"lh2-carrier","date":"2026-01","end":null,"date_precision":"quarter","lane":"tech","regions":["asia"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"A 40 000 m³ liquefied-hydrogen carrier ordered","fr":"Commande d’un navire d’hydrogène liquéfié de 40 000 m³","de":"Ein 40 000-m³-Flüssigwasserstofftanker bestellt","it":"Ordinata una nave per idrogeno liquefatto da 40 000 m³","ar":"طلب ناقلة هيدروجين مسال بسعة 40 ألف متر مكعب"},"description":{"en":"Ordered in early 2026, with ocean trials planned by 2030 — thirty times the Suiso Frontier’s tank.","fr":"Commandé début 2026, avec des essais en mer prévus d’ici 2030 — trente fois la cuve du Suiso Frontier.","de":"Anfang 2026 bestellt, Seeerprobung bis 2030 geplant – das Dreißigfache des Tanks der Suiso Frontier.","it":"Ordinata a inizio 2026, con prove in mare previste entro il 2030 — trenta volte il serbatoio della Suiso Frontier.","ar":"طُلبت مطلع 2026 مع تجارب بحرية مقررة بحلول 2030 — أي ثلاثون ضعف خزان Suiso Frontier."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2026","related":["suiso","kawasaki-terminal"],"facts":[{"value":40000,"unit":"m³ LH2 tanker ordered in early 2026, ocean trials by 2030","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 189","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"ehb-bids","date":"2026","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"tech","regions":["europe"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"Hydrogen Bank bids: EUR 6.8/kg on average","fr":"Offres à la Banque de l’hydrogène : 6,8 €/kg en moyenne","de":"Gebote bei der Wasserstoffbank: im Schnitt 6,8 €/kg","it":"Offerte alla Banca dell’idrogeno: 6,8 €/kg in media","ar":"عروض بنك الهيدروجين: 6.8 يورو للكيلوغرام في المتوسط"},"description":{"en":"Average levelised cost of renewable hydrogen bids in the third auction, down from EUR 7.1/kg; Spain 5.3, Finland 5.5, Germany 10.3.","fr":"Coût actualisé moyen des offres d’hydrogène renouvelable à la troisième enchère, contre 7,1 €/kg auparavant ; Espagne 5,3, Finlande 5,5, Allemagne 10,3.","de":"Durchschnittliche Gestehungskosten der Gebote für erneuerbaren Wasserstoff in der dritten Auktion, nach 7,1 €/kg zuvor; Spanien 5,3, Finnland 5,5, Deutschland 10,3.","it":"Costo livellato medio delle offerte di idrogeno rinnovabile nella terza asta, rispetto a 7,1 €/kg in precedenza; Spagna 5,3, Finlandia 5,5, Germania 10,3.","ar":"متوسط التكلفة المستوية لعروض الهيدروجين المتجدد في المزاد الثالث، مقابل 7.1 يورو للكيلوغرام سابقاً؛ إسبانيا 5.3 وفنلندا 5.5 وألمانيا 10.3."},"place":null,"url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","related":["ehb-3","ehb-4"],"facts":[{"value":6.8,"unit":"EUR/kg average LCOH of 3rd-auction bids (2026); 7.1 in 2025","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 66","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"china-standard","date":"2028","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"tech","regions":["asia"],"kind":"deadline","title":{"en":"China: electrolyser efficiency standard","fr":"Chine : norme d’efficacité des électrolyseurs","de":"China: Effizienzstandard für Elektrolyseure","it":"Cina: standard di efficienza degli elettrolizzatori","ar":"الصين: معيار كفاءة المحللات الكهربائية"},"description":{"en":"A stack-level efficiency standard of 47.2 kWh/kg (about 71 % on a lower heating value) by 2028.","fr":"Une norme d’efficacité de 47,2 kWh/kg au niveau du stack (environ 71 % sur PCI) d’ici 2028.","de":"Ein Effizienzstandard von 47,2 kWh/kg auf Stack-Ebene (rund 71 % bezogen auf den Heizwert) bis 2028.","it":"Uno standard di efficienza di 47,2 kWh/kg a livello di stack (circa il 71 % sul potere calorifico inferiore) entro il 2028.","ar":"معيار كفاءة عند مستوى المكدس يبلغ 47.2 كيلوواط ساعة للكيلوغرام (نحو 71 % على أساس القيمة الحرارية الدنيا) بحلول 2028."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2026","related":["china-orders","china-clusters"],"facts":[{"value":47.2,"unit":"kWh/kg stack-level efficiency standard by 2028","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 193","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"target"}]},{"id":"ukraine","date":"2022-02","end":null,"date_precision":"month","lane":"geo","regions":["europe"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"Russia invades Ukraine; Europe rushes to build LNG terminals","fr":"La Russie envahit l’Ukraine ; l’Europe multiplie les terminaux GNL","de":"Russland überfällt die Ukraine; Europa baut im Eiltempo LNG-Terminals","it":"La Russia invade l’Ucraina; l’Europa moltiplica i terminali GNL","ar":"روسيا تغزو أوكرانيا؛ وأوروبا تسارع إلى بناء محطات الغاز المسال"},"description":{"en":"Europe’s LNG import capacity rises by 31 % from February 2022; twelve projects later plan to import hydrogen derivatives at LNG terminals.","fr":"La capacité d’importation de GNL de l’Europe augmente de 31 % à partir de février 2022 ; douze projets prévoient ensuite d’importer des dérivés de l’hydrogène sur des terminaux GNL.","de":"Europas LNG-Importkapazität steigt ab Februar 2022 um 31 %; zwölf Projekte planen später Importe von Wasserstoffderivaten an LNG-Terminals.","it":"La capacità europea di importazione di GNL cresce del 31 % da febbraio 2022; dodici progetti prevedono poi di importare derivati dell’idrogeno nei terminali GNL.","ar":"ترتفع قدرة أوروبا على استيراد الغاز المسال بنسبة 31 % اعتباراً من فبراير 2022؛ وتخطط اثنا عشر مشروعاً لاحقاً لاستيراد مشتقات الهيدروجين عبر محطات الغاز المسال."},"place":null,"url":"https://globalenergymonitor.org/research/europe-gas-tracker-2025-hydrogen-edition","related":["repowereu","lng-2024"],"facts":[{"value":31,"unit":"% increase in Europe’s LNG import capacity since February 2022","source":"Global Energy Monitor — Europe Gas Tracker 2025: Hydrogen edition (briefing)","source_id":"gem_egt_2025","source_url":"https://globalenergymonitor.org/research/europe-gas-tracker-2025-hydrogen-edition","page_or_table":"p. 1 (key takeaways)","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"},{"value":12,"unit":"hydrogen-derivative import projects at LNG terminals","source":"Global Energy Monitor — Europe Gas Tracker 2025: Hydrogen edition (briefing)","source_id":"gem_egt_2025","source_url":"https://globalenergymonitor.org/research/europe-gas-tracker-2025-hydrogen-edition","page_or_table":"p. 4 and Table 1 (p. 7)","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"lng-2024","date":"2024","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"geo","regions":["europe"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"Europe adds 28.7 bcm/y of LNG import capacity","fr":"L’Europe ajoute 28,7 Gm³/an de capacité d’import de GNL","de":"Europa erweitert seine LNG-Importkapazität um 28,7 Mrd. m³/Jahr","it":"L’Europa aggiunge 28,7 miliardi di m³/anno di capacità di importazione di GNL","ar":"أوروبا تضيف 28.7 مليار متر مكعب سنوياً من قدرة استيراد الغاز المسال"},"description":{"en":"Net additions in 2024, while only one new import terminal was proposed during the year — a sign the LNG build-out is slowing.","fr":"Ajouts nets en 2024, alors qu’un seul nouveau terminal d’import a été proposé dans l’année — signe d’un ralentissement des projets GNL.","de":"Nettozubau 2024, während im ganzen Jahr nur ein neues Importterminal vorgeschlagen wurde – ein Zeichen für die Verlangsamung des LNG-Ausbaus.","it":"Aggiunte nette nel 2024, mentre nell’anno è stato proposto un solo nuovo terminale di importazione — segno di un rallentamento del GNL.","ar":"إضافات صافية في 2024، فيما لم يُقترح خلال العام سوى محطة استيراد جديدة واحدة — دليل على تباطؤ مشاريع الغاز المسال."},"place":null,"url":"https://globalenergymonitor.org/research/europe-gas-tracker-2025-hydrogen-edition","related":["ukraine"],"facts":[{"value":28.7,"unit":"bcm/y net new LNG import capacity in 2024","source":"Global Energy Monitor — Europe Gas Tracker 2025: Hydrogen edition (briefing)","source_id":"gem_egt_2025","source_url":"https://globalenergymonitor.org/research/europe-gas-tracker-2025-hydrogen-edition","page_or_table":"p. 1 and p. 18","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"hormuz","date":"2026-02-28","end":null,"date_precision":"day","lane":"geo","regions":["middle_east","global"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"Conflict in the Middle East; the Strait of Hormuz closes","fr":"Conflit au Moyen-Orient ; fermeture du détroit d’Ormuz","de":"Konflikt im Nahen Osten; die Straße von Hormus wird geschlossen","it":"Conflitto in Medio Oriente; chiusura dello Stretto di Hormuz","ar":"نزاع في الشرق الأوسط وإغلاق مضيق هرمز"},"description":{"en":"The region holds a sixth of world hydrogen output and over a quarter of ammonia trade; the closure disrupts ammonia, urea and methanol supplies.","fr":"La région assure un sixième de la production mondiale d’hydrogène et plus d’un quart du commerce d’ammoniac ; la fermeture perturbe les flux d’ammoniac, d’urée et de méthanol.","de":"Die Region stellt ein Sechstel der weltweiten Wasserstoffproduktion und über ein Viertel des Ammoniakhandels; die Schließung stört Ammoniak-, Harnstoff- und Methanollieferungen.","it":"La regione produce un sesto dell’idrogeno mondiale e oltre un quarto del commercio di ammoniaca; la chiusura perturba le forniture di ammoniaca, urea e metanolo.","ar":"تنتج المنطقة سدس الهيدروجين في العالم وتستحوذ على أكثر من ربع تجارة الأمونيا؛ ويُربك الإغلاق إمدادات الأمونيا واليوريا والميثانول."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2026","related":["fertiliser-shock","fertiliser-plan","neom","uae-strategy","ebic"],"facts":[{"value":"2026-02-28","unit":"start of the conflict in the Middle East","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 45 and p. 51","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"},{"value":25,"unit":"% of global ammonia trade from the Middle East (more than one-quarter)","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 9 and p. 19","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"fertiliser-shock","date":"2026-04","end":null,"date_precision":"month","lane":"geo","regions":["global"],"kind":"milestone","title":{"en":"Fertiliser price shock","fr":"Choc sur les prix des engrais","de":"Preisschock bei Düngemitteln","it":"Shock dei prezzi dei fertilizzanti","ar":"صدمة في أسعار الأسمدة"},"description":{"en":"Urea prices doubled between January and April 2026; European ammonia rose 30 % in March; China halted sulphuric acid exports in May.","fr":"Les prix de l’urée ont doublé entre janvier et avril 2026 ; l’ammoniac européen a pris 30 % en mars ; la Chine a suspendu ses exportations d’acide sulfurique en mai.","de":"Die Harnstoffpreise verdoppelten sich zwischen Januar und April 2026; Ammoniak in Europa stieg im März um 30 %; China stoppte im Mai die Ausfuhr von Schwefelsäure.","it":"I prezzi dell’urea sono raddoppiati tra gennaio e aprile 2026; l’ammoniaca europea è salita del 30 % a marzo; a maggio la Cina ha sospeso le esportazioni di acido solforico.","ar":"تضاعفت أسعار اليوريا بين يناير وأبريل 2026؛ وارتفعت الأمونيا في أوروبا بنسبة 30 % في مارس؛ وأوقفت الصين تصدير حمض الكبريتيك في مايو."},"place":null,"url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2026","related":["hormuz","fertiliser-plan","india-deals","cbam"],"facts":[{"value":2,"unit":"× urea price between January and April 2026","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 21","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"},{"value":30,"unit":"% rise in European ammonia prices during March 2026","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 59","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"},{"value":"2026-05","unit":"China halts sulphuric acid exports","source":"IEA — Global Hydrogen Review 2026","source_id":"iea_ghr_2026","source_url":"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/af4b6218-0311-4963-91ab-903cb18ca0ca/GlobalHydrogenReview2026.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 21","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"CC BY 4.0","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"eu-2040","date":"2040","end":null,"date_precision":"year","lane":"geo","regions":["europe"],"kind":"deadline","title":{"en":"EU 2040 climate target: −90 % emissions","fr":"Objectif climatique 2040 de l’UE : −90 % d’émissions","de":"EU-Klimaziel 2040: −90 % Emissionen","it":"Obiettivo climatico UE al 2040: −90 % di emissioni","ar":"هدف الاتحاد الأوروبي المناخي لعام 2040: خفض الانبعاثات بنسبة 90 %"},"description":{"en":"Cutting greenhouse gas emissions by 90 % requires hydrogen to become an integral part of the EU energy system.","fr":"Réduire de 90 % les émissions de gaz à effet de serre suppose que l’hydrogène devienne une composante à part entière du système énergétique européen.","de":"Eine Senkung der Treibhausgasemissionen um 90 % erfordert, dass Wasserstoff fester Bestandteil des EU-Energiesystems wird.","it":"Ridurre del 90 % le emissioni di gas serra richiede che l’idrogeno diventi parte integrante del sistema energetico europeo.","ar":"يتطلب خفض انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة بنسبة 90 % أن يصبح الهيدروجين جزءاً لا يتجزأ من منظومة الطاقة الأوروبية."},"place":null,"url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","related":["eu-60","ehb-2040","cbam"],"facts":[{"value":90,"unit":"% GHG emissions reduction — EU 2040 climate target","source":"Hydrogen Europe — Clean Hydrogen Monitor 2026","source_id":"he_chm_2026","source_url":"https://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Clean_Hydrogen_Monitor_09-2026_withoutAnnex.pdf","page_or_table":"p. 76","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"© Hydrogen Europe — chiffres cités avec attribution, aucun graphique reproduit","kind":"target"}]},{"id":"whs-2026","date":"2026-05-19","end":"2026-05-21","date_precision":"day","lane":"events","regions":["europe"],"kind":"fair","title":{"en":"World Hydrogen Summit & Exhibition","fr":"World Hydrogen Summit & Exhibition","de":"World Hydrogen Summit & Exhibition","it":"World Hydrogen Summit & Exhibition","ar":"World Hydrogen Summit & Exhibition"},"description":{"en":"The summit’s main annual edition in Rotterdam.","fr":"L’édition annuelle principale du sommet, à Rotterdam.","de":"Die wichtigste jährliche Ausgabe des Gipfels in Rotterdam.","it":"L’edizione annuale principale del summit, a Rotterdam.","ar":"الدورة السنوية الرئيسية للقمة في روتردام."},"place":{"en":"Rotterdam Ahoy, Netherlands","fr":"Rotterdam Ahoy, Pays-Bas","de":"Rotterdam Ahoy, Niederlande","it":"Rotterdam Ahoy, Paesi Bassi","ar":"روتردام آهوي، هولندا"},"url":"https://www.world-hydrogen-summit.com/world/en-gb.html","related":["whs-2027","hymarnham"],"facts":[{"value":"2026-05-19","unit":"start date (19–21 May 2026), Rotterdam Ahoy","source":"World Hydrogen Summit & Exhibition — official website","source_id":"whs_rotterdam","source_url":"https://www.world-hydrogen-summit.com/world/en-gb.html","page_or_table":"Event page","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"Site officiel","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"smartere-2026","date":"2026-06-23","end":null,"date_precision":"day","lane":"events","regions":["europe"],"kind":"fair","title":{"en":"The smarter E Europe · Hydrogen Dialogue","fr":"The smarter E Europe · Hydrogen Dialogue","de":"The smarter E Europe · Hydrogen Dialogue","it":"The smarter E Europe · Hydrogen Dialogue","ar":"The smarter E Europe · Hydrogen Dialogue"},"description":{"en":"Munich’s energy-industry exhibitions host the Hydrogen Dialogue Forum & Expo, with its summit on 24–25 June.","fr":"Les salons de l’énergie de Munich accueillent le Hydrogen Dialogue Forum & Expo, dont le sommet se tient les 24 et 25 juin.","de":"Die Münchner Energiemessen beherbergen das Hydrogen Dialogue Forum & Expo mit seinem Gipfel am 24. und 25. Juni.","it":"Le fiere dell’energia di Monaco ospitano l’Hydrogen Dialogue Forum & Expo, con il summit il 24 e 25 giugno.","ar":"تستضيف معارض الطاقة في ميونيخ منتدى ومعرض Hydrogen Dialogue، وتُعقد قمته يومي 24 و25 يونيو."},"place":{"en":"Munich, Germany","fr":"Munich, Allemagne","de":"München, Deutschland","it":"Monaco di Baviera, Germania","ar":"ميونيخ، ألمانيا"},"url":"https://www.thesmartere.de/for-visitors/hydrogen?lang=en","related":["ehw-2026"],"facts":[{"value":"2026-06-23","unit":"start date; Hydrogen Dialogue summit 24–25 June 2026","source":"The smarter E Europe — Hydrogen Dialogue (official website)","source_id":"smartere","source_url":"https://www.thesmartere.de/for-visitors/hydrogen?lang=en","page_or_table":"Hydrogen page","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"Site officiel","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"americas-2026","date":"2026-10-06","end":null,"date_precision":"day","lane":"events","regions":["americas"],"kind":"fair","title":{"en":"Hydrogen Americas Summit & Exhibition","fr":"Hydrogen Americas Summit & Exhibition","de":"Hydrogen Americas Summit & Exhibition","it":"Hydrogen Americas Summit & Exhibition","ar":"Hydrogen Americas Summit & Exhibition"},"description":{"en":"The American edition: the 45V tax credit, the hydrogen hubs and ammonia for export.","fr":"L’édition américaine : le crédit d’impôt 45V, les pôles hydrogène et l’ammoniac d’exportation.","de":"Die amerikanische Ausgabe: die Steuergutschrift 45V, die Wasserstoff-Hubs und Ammoniak für den Export.","it":"L’edizione americana: il credito d’imposta 45V, gli hub dell’idrogeno e l’ammoniaca da esportazione.","ar":"النسخة الأمريكية: الإعفاء الضريبي 45V، ومراكز الهيدروجين، والأمونيا المعدّة للتصدير."},"place":{"en":"Houston, United States","fr":"Houston, États-Unis","de":"Houston, Vereinigte Staaten","it":"Houston, Stati Uniti","ar":"هيوستن، الولايات المتحدة"},"url":"https://www.world-hydrogen-summit.com/americas/en-gb.html","related":["americas-2027","blue-point"],"facts":[{"value":"2026-10-06","unit":"start date, Houston","source":"Hydrogen Americas Summit & Exhibition — official website","source_id":"whs_americas","source_url":"https://www.world-hydrogen-summit.com/americas/en-gb.html","page_or_table":"Event page","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"Site officiel","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"hamburg-2026","date":"2026-10-20","end":null,"date_precision":"day","lane":"events","regions":["europe"],"kind":"fair","title":{"en":"Hydrogen and Carbon Capture Technology World Expo","fr":"Hydrogen and Carbon Capture Technology World Expo","de":"Hydrogen and Carbon Capture Technology World Expo","it":"Hydrogen and Carbon Capture Technology World Expo","ar":"Hydrogen and Carbon Capture Technology World Expo"},"description":{"en":"A technology exhibition across electrolysis, carbon capture, storage and transport.","fr":"Un salon technique couvrant l’électrolyse, le captage du carbone, le stockage et le transport.","de":"Eine Technikmesse zu Elektrolyse, CO₂-Abscheidung, Speicherung und Transport.","it":"Una fiera tecnica su elettrolisi, cattura del carbonio, stoccaggio e trasporto.","ar":"معرض تقني يغطي التحليل الكهربائي واحتجاز الكربون والتخزين والنقل."},"place":{"en":"Hamburg, Germany","fr":"Hambourg, Allemagne","de":"Hamburg, Deutschland","it":"Amburgo, Germania","ar":"هامبورغ، ألمانيا"},"url":"https://www.hydrogen-worldexpo.com/","related":["ehw-2026"],"facts":[{"value":"2026-10-20","unit":"start date, Hamburg","source":"Hydrogen & Carbon Capture Technology World Expo — official website","source_id":"htexpo","source_url":"https://www.hydrogen-worldexpo.com/","page_or_table":"Event page","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"Site officiel","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"ehw-2026","date":"2026-10-26","end":"2026-10-30","date_precision":"day","lane":"events","regions":["europe"],"kind":"institution","title":{"en":"European Hydrogen Week","fr":"Semaine européenne de l’hydrogène","de":"Europäische Wasserstoffwoche","it":"Settimana europea dell’idrogeno","ar":"الأسبوع الأوروبي للهيدروجين"},"description":{"en":"The annual EU hydrogen week in Brussels, a month before the fourth Hydrogen Bank auction is expected to open.","fr":"La semaine annuelle de l’hydrogène de l’UE à Bruxelles, un mois avant l’ouverture attendue de la quatrième enchère de la Banque de l’hydrogène.","de":"Die jährliche EU-Wasserstoffwoche in Brüssel, einen Monat vor dem erwarteten Start der vierten Auktion der Wasserstoffbank.","it":"La settimana annuale UE dell’idrogeno a Bruxelles, un mese prima dell’apertura attesa della quarta asta della Banca dell’idrogeno.","ar":"الأسبوع السنوي للهيدروجين في الاتحاد الأوروبي ببروكسل، قبل شهر من الافتتاح المرتقب للمزاد الرابع لبنك الهيدروجين."},"place":{"en":"Brussels, Belgium","fr":"Bruxelles, Belgique","de":"Brüssel, Belgien","it":"Bruxelles, Belgio","ar":"بروكسل، بلجيكا"},"url":"https://euhydrogenweek.eu/","related":["ehb-4","hamburg-2026"],"facts":[{"value":"2026-10-26","unit":"European Hydrogen Week, 26–30 October 2026, Brussels","source":"European Hydrogen Week — official website","source_id":"euh2week","source_url":"https://euhydrogenweek.eu/","page_or_table":"Event page","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"Site officiel","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"cop31","date":"2026-11-09","end":"2026-11-20","date_precision":"day","lane":"events","regions":["global"],"kind":"institution","title":{"en":"COP31 climate conference","fr":"Conférence climat COP31","de":"Klimakonferenz COP31","it":"Conferenza sul clima COP31","ar":"مؤتمر المناخ COP31"},"description":{"en":"The 2026 UN Climate Change Conference.","fr":"La conférence des Nations unies sur les changements climatiques de 2026.","de":"Die UN-Klimakonferenz 2026.","it":"La conferenza delle Nazioni Unite sui cambiamenti climatici del 2026.","ar":"مؤتمر الأمم المتحدة لتغير المناخ لعام 2026."},"place":{"en":"Antalya, Türkiye","fr":"Antalya, Turquie","de":"Antalya, Türkei","it":"Antalya, Turchia","ar":"أنطاليا، تركيا"},"url":"https://www.unccd.int/index%2Ephp/events/other/2026-un-climate-change-conference-cop31","related":["eu-2040","cbam"],"facts":[{"value":"2026-11-09","unit":"COP31, 9–20 November 2026, Antalya (Türkiye)","source":"UNCCD — 2026 UN Climate Change Conference COP31 (event page)","source_id":"unccd_cop31","source_url":"https://www.unccd.int/index%2Ephp/events/other/2026-un-climate-change-conference-cop31","page_or_table":"Event page","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"Information publique","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"icgh-2026","date":"2026-12-16","end":null,"date_precision":"tbc","lane":"events","regions":["asia"],"kind":"fair","title":{"en":"International Conference on Green 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Dates not yet confirmed: “November 2026 (TBC)” in embassy trade-fair lists, 16–18 December 2026 in a 2026-27 events list.","fr":"Organisée par le ministère indien des Énergies nouvelles et renouvelables et le bureau du conseiller scientifique principal. Dates non confirmées : « novembre 2026 (à confirmer) » dans les listes de salons des ambassades, 16–18 décembre 2026 dans une liste d’événements 2026-2027.","de":"Veranstaltet vom indischen Ministerium für neue und erneuerbare Energien und dem Büro des wissenschaftlichen Chefberaters. Termine noch nicht bestätigt: „November 2026 (TBC)“ in Messelisten der Botschaften, 16.–18. Dezember 2026 in einer Veranstaltungsliste 2026-27.","it":"Organizzata dal ministero indiano delle Energie nuove e rinnovabili e dall’ufficio del consigliere scientifico principale. Date non ancora confermate: «novembre 2026 (da confermare)» negli elenchi fieristici delle ambasciate, 16–18 dicembre 2026 in un elenco di eventi 2026-27.","ar":"تنظّمه وزارة الطاقة الجديدة والمتجددة في الهند ومكتب كبير المستشارين العلميين. المواعيد غير مؤكدة بعد: «نوفمبر 2026 (قيد التأكيد)» في قوائم المعارض لدى السفارات، و16–18 ديسمبر 2026 في قائمة فعاليات 2026-2027."},"place":{"en":"New Delhi, India","fr":"New Delhi, Inde","de":"Neu-Delhi, Indien","it":"Nuova Delhi, India","ar":"نيودلهي، الهند"},"url":"https://mnre.gov.in/en/","related":["india-nghm","india-deals"],"facts":[{"value":"November 2026 (TBC)","unit":"ICGH 2026, New Delhi","source":"Embassy of India, Stockholm — Major trade fairs and exhibitions in India","source_id":"mea_fairs","source_url":"https://www.indembassysweden.gov.in/page/major-trade-fairs-and-exhibitions-in-india/","page_or_table":"Trade fairs list","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"Information publique","kind":"historical"},{"value":"2026-12-16","unit":"ICGH, 16–18 December 2026, New Delhi","source":"Embassy of India, Baghdad — List of upcoming technology-related events in India 2026-27 (PDF)","source_id":"mea_events_2026","source_url":"https://www.eoibaghdad.gov.in/content/LIST-OF-UPCOMING-TECHNOLOGY-RELATED-EVENTS-IN-INDIA-2026-27-_Sheet1.pdf","page_or_table":"Events list 2026-27","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"Information publique","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"hcee-2026","date":"2026-11-24","end":"2026-11-27","date_precision":"day","lane":"events","regions":["europe"],"kind":"fair","title":{"en":"Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Week","fr":"Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Week","de":"Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Week","it":"Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Week","ar":"Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Week"},"description":{"en":"Formerly World Hydrogen Week, broadened beyond hydrogen by its new organiser, S&P Global.","fr":"Anciennement World Hydrogen Week, élargie au-delà de l’hydrogène par son nouvel organisateur, S&P Global.","de":"Ehemals World Hydrogen Week, vom neuen Veranstalter S&P Global über Wasserstoff hinaus erweitert.","it":"Già World Hydrogen Week, ampliata oltre l’idrogeno dal nuovo organizzatore, S&P Global.","ar":"المعروف سابقاً بأسبوع الهيدروجين العالمي، ووسّعه منظمه الجديد S&P Global ليتجاوز الهيدروجين."},"place":{"en":"Bella Center, Copenhagen","fr":"Bella Center, Copenhague","de":"Bella Center, Kopenhagen","it":"Bella Center, Copenaghen","ar":"مركز بيلا، كوبنهاغن"},"url":"https://www.hceeweek.com/event/2026/home","related":["ehw-2026"],"facts":[{"value":"2026-11-24","unit":"24–27 November 2026, Bella Center, Copenhagen","source":"Horizons Clean Energy Expansion Week — official website","source_id":"hcee","source_url":"https://www.hceeweek.com/event/2026/home","page_or_table":"Event page","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"Site officiel","kind":"historical"}]},{"id":"whs-2027","date":"2027-05-18","end":"2027-05-20","date_precision":"day","lane":"events","regions":["europe"],"kind":"fair","title":{"en":"World Hydrogen Summit & Exhibition","fr":"World Hydrogen Summit & Exhibition","de":"World Hydrogen Summit & Exhibition","it":"World Hydrogen Summit & Exhibition","ar":"World Hydrogen Summit & Exhibition"},"description":{"en":"The next Rotterdam edition, already announced: 18–20 May 2027.","fr":"La prochaine édition de Rotterdam, déjà annoncée : 18–20 mai 2027.","de":"Die nächste Rotterdamer Ausgabe ist bereits angekündigt: 18.–20. 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Brown Convention Center.","fr":"De retour à Houston en octobre 2027, au George R. Brown Convention Center.","de":"Im Oktober 2027 wieder in Houston, im George R. Brown Convention Center.","it":"Di nuovo a Houston a ottobre 2027, al George R. Brown Convention Center.","ar":"يعود إلى هيوستن في أكتوبر 2027، في مركز جورج آر. براون للمؤتمرات."},"place":{"en":"Houston, United States","fr":"Houston, États-Unis","de":"Houston, Vereinigte Staaten","it":"Houston, Stati Uniti","ar":"هيوستن، الولايات المتحدة"},"url":"https://www.world-hydrogen-summit.com/americas/en-gb.html","related":["americas-2026"],"facts":[{"value":"2027-10-26","unit":"Houston, George R. Brown Convention Center","source":"Hydrogen Americas Summit & Exhibition — official website","source_id":"whs_americas","source_url":"https://www.world-hydrogen-summit.com/americas/en-gb.html","page_or_table":"Event page","date_retrieved":"2026-10-24","license":"Site officiel","kind":"historical"}]}]}